Science 9 2.3 Non-Mendelian Inheritance

Lesson 2.
Non-Mendelian
Inheritance
determine traits under
Objectives 1 non-Mendelian inheritance;
At the end and
of the
lesson, you use the Punnett square to
should be 2 solve for non-Mendelian
inheritance.
able to:
Learn about It!
Non-Mendelian Genetics
• A non-Mendelian
inheritance is a complex
pattern of inheritance
that does not follow the
laws of heredity by
Gregor Mendel.
Patterns in the color of the flowers

Learn about It!
Incomplete Dominance
• Incomplete dominance is
a pattern of inheritance
describing the formation of
a trait that is in between
the phenotypes of the
parents.
Example of incomplete dominance in

crossing flowers of different colors.
Learn about It!
Codominance
• Codominance is a non-
Mendelian type of dominance
where the alleles of a gene pair
in a heterozygote are fully
expressed.
• It will result in an offspring with

a phenotype that is neither
dominant nor recessive.
Codominance expressed in chickens.
Learn about It!
Sex-Linked Traits
• In humans, sex determination is dependent on the presence or
absence of the Y chromosome.
• The X and Y not only carry the genes that determine sex but also
those for some other characteristics as well.
• These genes that go along with either sex chromosome is said to

be sex-linked.
Learn about It!
Sex-Linked Traits
● When the trait is linked to the X chromosome, it is called x-
linked trait while if the trait is linked to the Y chromosome,
it is called y-linked trait.
Possible color blindness genotypes and phenotypes of males and females.
Female Male
Genotypes Phenotypes Genotypes Phenotypes
XX Normal female XY Normal male
XCX Carrier female XCY Colorblind male
XCXC Colorblind female

Learn about It!
Sex-Related Traits Sex related baldness in humans.

● Sex-influenced trait is an Female Male
autosomal trait. It is not located
Geno Pheno Geno Pheno
on the sex chromosomes. types types types types
XBXB Bald XBYB Bald

● Sex-limited trait is also an
autosomal trait. Similar to sex- XBXb Non-bald XBYb Bald
influenced trait, the sex of a (normal)
person has something to do XbXb Non-bald XbYb Non-bald

with the expression of the trait. (normal) (normal)
Learn about It!
Multiple Alleles Blood types and their corresponding

• In some traits, a certain genotypes
gene can have more Blood Type Genotype
than a pair alleles that
A Homozygous dominant (AA)
controls the expression
of traits. Heterozygous dominant (AO)
B Homozygous dominant (BB)

• This is evident in the Heterozygous dominant (BO)
patterns of inheritance in
AB Homozygous dominant (AB)
human blood type.
O Homozygous recessive (OO)
Key Points
A non-Mendelian inheritance is a complex pattern of

1 inheritance that does not follow the laws of heredity by
Gregor Mendel.
Incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance

2 characterized by the formation of a trait that is in
between the phenotypes of the parents.
Codominance is a non-Mendelian type of dominance

3 where the alleles of a gene pair in a heterozygote are
fully expressed.
Key Points
Genes that go along with either sex chromosome is said

4 to be sex-linked.
In some traits, a certain gene can have more than a pair

5 alleles that controls the expression of traits. It is called
multiple alleles.
Check Your Understanding
Identify the possible blood type of child based

from the given data below.
Mom’s Dad’s Possible blood type of
Family name
blood type blood type the child
Gonzalez B A
Taylor O O
Jones A A
Mitchell A A
Wilson B B
Challenge Yourself
A woman has a daughter and she claims that one of the three
men is the biological father of her child. A paternity judge in
the court requested that the woman, the daughter, and all
three men have their blood types identified. The results are:
• mother, Heterozygous Type A;
• Daughter, Type O;
• Man #1, Type AB; Man #2, Homozygous Type B; Man #3,
Type O based on the blood types.
The mother affirms that the results confirm that Man #3 is her
daughter's father. Is she right? Why or why not?
Bibliography
Johnson, G.B., and Raven, P.H. 2001. Biology: Principles & Explorations. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and
Winston.
Klug, W.S., Spencer, C.A., and Cummings, M.R. 2016. Concepts of Genetics. Boston: Pearson.
Mader, S.S. 2014. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Reece, J.B. and Campbell, N.A. 2011. Campbell Biology. Boston: Benjamin Cummings/Pearson.
Tamarin, R.H. 2004. Principles of Genetics. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
"Facts About Genetics: Chromosome18". 2018. Chromosome18.Org.

https://www.chromosome18.org/facts-about-genetics/.

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Lesson 2.

Patterns in the color of the flowers

Example of incomplete dominance in

• It will result in an offspring with

• These genes that go along with either sex chromosome is said to

Genotypes Phenotypes Genotypes Phenotypes

XX Normal female XY Normal male

XCX Carrier female XCY Colorblind male

XCXC Colorblind female

Sex-Related Traits Sex related baldness in humans.

XBXB Bald XBYB Bald

person has something to do XbXb Non-bald XbYb Non-bald

Multiple Alleles Blood types and their corresponding

B Homozygous dominant (BB)

A non-Mendelian inheritance is a complex pattern of

Incomplete dominance is a pattern of inheritance

Codominance is a non-Mendelian type of dominance

Genes that go along with either sex chromosome is said

In some traits, a certain gene can have more than a pair

Identify the possible blood type of child based

Mader, S.S. 2014. Concepts of Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Tamarin, R.H. 2004. Principles of Genetics. Boston: McGraw-Hill.

"Facts About Genetics: Chromosome18". 2018. Chromosome18.Org.

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