CropSci Module 1 Discussion
CropSci Module 1 Discussion
CropSci Module 1 Discussion
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURE
A report presentation
in
Principles of Crop Science (Module1)
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A. Overview
As soon as humans began to form permanent settlements and
gave up wandering in search of food, agriculture was born.
The Latin roots of the word agriculture mean “cultivation of
the fields.” From the beginning, agriculture has included
raising both crops and livestock. At first, this new way of
providing food and other raw materials developed slowly. But,
because it made life much easier for many people, it became
the preferred way of supplying a basic human need. People
who worked at agriculture came to be called farmers.
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Post Independence Development Programs Import raw materials & Land reform Act
Processed Products
Green Revolution HYVs and High production Technologies
Globalization Era GATT Trade Liberalization AFMA
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C. Learning Plan
Characteristics of Philippine Agriculture
Generally Small Scale
Dependent on human labor
Farmers are heterogeneous: commercial, semi-commercial
subsistence and landless farm workers
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C. Learning Plan
Philippine Agriculture R & D
Public investment in agricultural research is only 0.03
percent of agricultural GVA. Lowest in East Asia and less
than third of WB recommends for poor countries.
Average rate of returned is about 40% ---- much higher than
other investments in agricultural development like
infrastructure.
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C. Learning Plan
Contribution of Agricultural Sector to Economy
Main driver of economic growth in the country. Agricultural
sector contributes about 22% to the country‟s GNP.
About 50% of total labor force is involved in agricultural
activities.
About 1/3 income derived comes from agriculture trades
processors retailers and other groups.
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C. Learning Plan
Country’s small scale commodity production by subsistence
and semi-commercial farmers cultivating an area of 1.5 ha
comprising 2/3 of the landowning population. Land holding
of these small farmers account for 1/5 of the total farm areas.
Poor rice farmers join the landless peasant population in
toiling on large landholdings comprising at least 75% of the
total farm area controlled by 1/5 of the landholding
population.
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C. Learning Plan
Agriculture and Poverty
In the year 2000 rural poverty worsened by 1.5% to 41.4%
(from 39.9 in 1997)
Rate of malnutrition among children age 6 to 10 years old is
at 40.4 %
Annual poverty threshold (for food and non-food needs) had
increased.
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C. Learning Plan
Why Filipinos are poor?
Severe inequality of income and assets- worsened by the
inequality of access to education, health care and other social
services such as safe drinking water.
The wealthiest fifth of our people are 10x richer than the
poorest fifth
Rural people are poorest because the urban poor have better
access to social service.
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C. Learning Plan
Philippine Agriculture SWOT
S – Strength
W- Weaknesses
O – Opportunities
T - Threats
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C. Learning Plan
Strength of Philippine Agriculture
Agriculture provide a total output GDP of about 22% positive
Provide direct and indirect employment to about 12.5 M
families 5.1M are into farming
Food security remains to be lifeline of the country priority
attention of the government
Agriculture mother of all industries Raw materials
processing local/export markets
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C. Learning Plan
Raw materials processing local/export markets
Land assets still valuable possession for futures security
Farming remains to be noble human undertaking and
profession
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C. Learning Plan
Weakness of Philippine Agriculture
Low adoption rate of component technologies/whole systems
technological deficiencies/weak extension/etc
Heavy dependence on imported inputs
Multiple problems
A – Physical- climate(rainfall, T sunshine duration) soil
fertility (top soil erosion, etc.)
B – Biological- pest, disease, weeds physiological disorders
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C. Learning Plan
C – Socioeconomic - low farm income -inadequate
support service(farm) - inadequate incentives for agricultural
production(input price/price of product)
Essentially monoculture based designed of dominant crops
key production area
Export raw materials import finished products
(underdeveloped processing segments) Presence of
middlemen in the farms
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C. Learning Plan
Opportunities of Philippine Agriculture
Diverse agro-environmental diverse cropping/farming
system.
Wide variety of climate and soil that allows production of a
wide variety of crops:
Foods staple crop
Fruit orchard
Aesthetic/ornamentals
Agri-aquaculture
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C. Learning Plan
Whole year round growing period for essentially crop-based
agriculture 10
Sunshine duration (11 – 13 hrs)
Temperature (24 – 32 C)
Rainfall (2.400 – 4.000 mm/year)
Soil which are fertile suitable for agricultural production
Alluvial soil rich in K and Mg
Young fertile soil in flood plains
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C. Learning Plan
Farming families (about 5.1 M)engage in various
agricultural related activities
Family based small farm labor intensive provided
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C. Learning Plan
Threats of Philippine Agriculture
Globalization/import liberalization
- Influx of cheap imports displace local markets and locally
produced materials
- Uncompetitive small farms selling/mortgaging their
lands
- Erratic rainfall pattern El Niño, La Niña
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C. Learning Plan
Only 1.3 M ha irrigated
Deforestation watershed dysfunction of holding
water 5.4 M ha remaining (about 18%) vary below 40%
critical level
Introduction of saline water when water table pumps for
domestic/irrigation purposes.
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C. Learning Plan
5. MAJOR CROPS IN THE PHILIPPINES AND THEIR
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
Shows the geographic distribution of some of the major
horticultural and agronomic crops of the country. The areas in
which crops are listed are ranked among the first five regions
producing the crop in question.
CAR
Vegetables – Potato, Cabbage
Cut flowers – Anthurium, Chrysanthemum, Roses, Gladiolus
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C. Learning Plan
REGION 1- ILOCOS REGION
Field crop – Mungo, Rice, Tobacco
Vegetables – Eggplant, Tomato, Garlic, Peanut
Fruits – Mango
REGION II – CAGAYAN VALLEY
Field crops – Mungo, Rice, Corn
Vegetables – Onion, Garlic
Fruits – Mango, Calamundin, Banana, Pineapple Ornamentals
– Gladiolus
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C. Learning Plan
REGION III – CENTRAL LUZON
Field crops – Mungo, Rice
Vegetables – Onion, Eggplant, Tomato, Garlic, Cabbage
Fruits – Calamundin, Mango
Others – Sugarcane
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C. Learning Plan
REGION IV – SOUTHERN TAGALOG
Field crops – Rice, Peanut, Sweet potato
Vegetables – Garlic, Eggplant, Tomato, Onion
Fruits – Calamundin, Mango, Lanzones, Pineapple,
Pomelo
Ornamentals – Gladiolus, Orchids
Others – Coconut, Sugarcane, Coffee
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C. Learning Plan
REGION V – BICOL REGION
Field crops – Sweet potato, Cassava
Vegetables – Garlic Fruits – Calamandin, Pineapple, Pili
Ornamentals – Chrysanthemum
Others – Abaca, Coconut
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C. Learning Plan
REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS
Field crops – Mungo, Rice, Peanut
Vegetables – Onion, Eggplant, Tomato, Garlic
Fruits – Mango, Banana, Calamundin
Ornamentals – Orchids, Roses, anthuriums, Foliage
Others – Sugarcane, Coffee
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C. Learning Plan
REGION VII – CENTRAL VISAYAS
Field crops – Sweet potato, Corn, Cassava, Mungo, Peanut
Vegetables – Cabbage, Potato, Eggplant, Tomato
Fruits – Mango
Ornamentals – Rose, Gladiolus, Chrysanthemum, Orchids
Others – Sugarcane
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C. Learning Plan
REGION VIII – EASTERN VISAYAS
Field crops – Sweet potato, Cassava
Vegetables – Onion
Ornamentals – Ilang-Ilang
Others – Abaca
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C. Learning Plan
REGION IX – WESTERN MINDANAO
Field crops – Cassava
Ornamentals – Orchids
Others – Coconut, Rubber
REGION X – EASTERN MINDANAO
Fruits – Pineapple
Ornamentals – Chrysanthemums, Roses, Foliage plants
Others – Vanilla
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C. Learning Plan
REGION XI – SOUTHERN MINDANAO
Field crops – Corn
Vegetables – Potato Fruits – Banana, Mango, Pomelo
Ornamentals – Chrysanthemums, Roses
Others – Coconut, Coffee, Abaca
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C. Learning Plan
REGION XII – CENTRAL MINDANAO
Fields crops – Corn Vegetables – Potato
Fruits – Banana, Durian
Ornamentals – Gladiolus, Rose, Cut foliage
Others – Coconut
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C. Learning Plan
ARMM
Field crops – Cassava
Fruits – Durian, Pomelo
Others – Coconut
CARAGA
Field crops – Corn
Fruits – Banana, durian
Others – Coconut, Abaca
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D. Feedback
1. Write down the terms and concepts which are not clear to
you or you simply do not understand.
2. How did you find the lessons? Are they interesting or not?
Did you find difficulty in learning the lessons? If so, which
part of the lesson and why?
3. What have you learned in this module?
4. Which part of the lesson gets you interested?
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C. Suggested Readings and Video Clips
Modernizing Philippine Agriculture & Fisheries: The AFMA
Implementation Experience (Dy, Rolando, 2008)
Exploring AgriScience (Herren & Rey, 2011)
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C. References/Sources
http//www.fao.org/woldfoodsituation/en/
http://psa.gov.ph/content/major-crops-statistics-philippines-
regional-and-provincial
Psa.gob.ph. Selected statistics on agriculture. 2018
http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Agriculyure
TITH Seyla, Master in Economics.([email protected])
http://www.da.gov.ph/history/
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