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    Agriculture

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    Cultura Ambiental
    Agriculture first developed between 10,000-5,000 years ago in multiple locations around the world including Central America, Asia, Europe, and South America. Some of the earliest domesticated crops included barley, wheat, and maize. Agriculture allowed humans to transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary settlements and led to the development of commerce, government, and arts.

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    Agriculture

    Uploaded by

    Cultura Ambiental
    26 views28 pages
    Agriculture first developed between 10,000-5,000 years ago in multiple locations around the world including Central America, Asia, Europe, and South America. Some of the earliest domesticated crops included barley, wheat, and maize. Agriculture allowed humans to transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary settlements and led to the development of commerce, government, and arts.

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    Agriculture first developed between 10,000-5,000 years ago in multiple locations around the world including Central America, Asia, Europe, and South America. Some of the earliest domesticated crops included barley, wheat, and maize. Agriculture allowed humans to transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary settlements and led to the development of commerce, government, and arts.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    26 views28 pages

    Agriculture

    Uploaded by

    Cultura Ambiental
    Agriculture first developed between 10,000-5,000 years ago in multiple locations around the world including Central America, Asia, Europe, and South America. Some of the earliest domesticated crops included barley, wheat, and maize. Agriculture allowed humans to transition from nomadic hunter-gatherer societies to sedentary settlements and led to the development of commerce, government, and arts.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Origins of agriculture

    Agriculture is the most important invention in human


    history, especially the plow.The origins of agriculture
    are not precise, it is said that it arose between 10,000
    and 5,000 years ago.

    Agriculture arose
    simultaneously in
    different places
    such as Central
    America, Asia,
    Europe and South
    America.
    At least 5 areas where agriculture appeared independently are recognized
    The first domesticated
    crops were barley, wheat,
    and corn.
    The importance of agriculture as an
    invention lies in the fact that it is
    evidence of the human capacity to adapt
    nature to its needs and supply food to
    large numbers of people.

    The invention process of agriculture is attributed to


    women, they cared for the young and while they did so,
    they observed the behavior of the plants and were
    modifying certain characteristics.
    Cultivating is different from domesticating, cultivating involves ways of caring for
    plants, domesticating plants involves modifying genetic characteristics. Therefore,
    the domestication of plants was the first step in the invention process of agriculture.
    Agriculture allowed our passage from nomads to
    sedentary. Thanks to agriculture, commerce, the first
    forms of government, societies, the arts appeared and
    human groups were structured in large settlements.
    Agriculture modified a large number of ecosystems on the planet as it involved
    deforestation of large forest areas to implement monocultures. In times of climate
    change and post pandemic, nature calls us to modify our ways of acting and doing
    agriculture. We need a new way to cultivate without limiting nature's ability to
    recover.
    Paleobotany is
    a discipline that
    allows knowing
    the origin of
    many plants
    Palebotany

    Figure 7: Examples of arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) from Cuba. A) Cu10 son2,


    B) Cu14, C) Cu16. Scale=10 μm.

    Figure 11: Examples of Canna sp., likely achira (Canna edulis) from Cuba. A)
    Cu16, B) Cu07 son1, C) Cu08 son2. Scale=10μm.
    Etnobotany
    Achira, yuca, maní y calabazos, algodón , ají
    Palmas, frutales
    Maíz
    Consideraciones sobre agricultura en bosques
    tropicales
    La evolución del forrajeo y producción de comida
    De la horticultura en pequeña escala al desarrollo
    de la agricultura

    • Como la mayor parte de nuestra alimentación y confort


    (ej. madera) proviene de productos vegetales, es básico
    conocer cómo a partir de un espacio natural, se han
    dado los procesos culturales de selección,
    domesticación, transformación y uso de las plantas que
    consumimos y usamos cotidianamente.
    Arroz
    • El arroz (Oriza sativa): cereal, considerado como alimento
    básico en muchas culturas culinarias. Corresponde al
    segundo cereal más producido del mundo, tras el maíz

    • El origen en estado silvestre parece centrarse en el


    sudeste asiático. Como planta alimenticia se sabe que
    empezó a utilizarse probablemente en el año 3000 a. N.E.
    Posiblemente fueron los chinos quienes empezaron a
    cultivarlo, desde China fue introducido a Corea, Japón y
    Filipinas, la extensión a la Asia occidental se produjo bajo
    el Imperio Persa.
    • Entró a América por los españoles y fue llevado a españa
    por los moros
    Maíz
    • Zea mays, comúnmente llamada maíz, choclo, millo o
    elote, es una planta gramínea anual originaria de América
    introducida en Europa en el siglo XVI. Actualmente, es el
    cereal con mayor volumen de producción en el mundo,
    superando al trigo y al arroz.

    • Mientras que los cereales del Viejo Mundo tienen


    variedades silvestres que se preservan en la
    naturaleza, el maíz es conocido solamente por la
    especie cultivada (Zea mays). Desde el siglo pasado
    diversas teorías han sido expuestas para explicar el
    origen y la evolución del maíz, la más popular de
    ellas acepta al teocintle de Chalco (Zea mays ssp
    mexicana) como el antecesor directo del maíz.
    Trigo
    • Trigo (Triticum spp)[2] es el término que
    designa al conjunto de cereales, tanto
    cultivados como silvestres, que pertenecen
    al género Triticum; son plantas anuales de
    la familia de las gramíneas, ampliamente
    cultivadas en todo el mundo.

    • Triticum significa, (el grano) que es


    necesario trillar (para poder ser consumido)

    • El trigo tiene sus orígenes en


    la antigua Mesopotamia.

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