ONE MIDWAY 2ND.

Semester, AY 2022-2023
MIDWAY COLLEGES, Inc.
HOME OF THE DRIVEN

SEAM 2 PPT
WEEK 2

TOPIC:

Ship types
LO1.3. Describe the functions of the type of ship and its
characteristics with regards to its cargo and construction.
Pictures Analysis:

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 What is a Ship?
A ship is a large vessel that travels the world’s oceans and
other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or
passengers or supporting specialized missions such as
defense, research, and fishing.
Ships are generally determined from boats based on size,
shape, load capacity, and purpose. Currently, more than
50,000+ ships are in operation worldwide, doing business
around the world and carrying 90% of all the goods,
commodities, and products that people need.
Today’s ships are highly sophisticated, in the form
of navigation-controlled bridges and big engine
rooms for the machinery that powers the vessel.
Cargo ships have relatively small units, while
cruise ships have a large number of units to assist
the passengers.
Modern maritime commercial vessels come in
different shapes and sizes and are designed to
carry a wide variety of cargo. Apart from this,
there are other ships about which people are not
aware. To understand all this, the main types of
ships and their functions are briefly described in
this article. Come on, let’s begin.
 • Bulk carriers are merchant ships
used to transport dry cargoes such
1. Bulk as grain, coal, ore, steel coils,
Carrier Ships cement, etc., in bulk quantities. The
first special bulk carriers were built
in 1852. Bulk carriers are known for
their maximum capacity, safety,
efficiency, and durability.
2 Container Ships
Container Ships:

These ships are intended specifically to transport products in

containers, as their name implies. A process known as
containerization allows container ships to transport all of their
cargo in intermodal containers the size of a truck.

These are the standard method for business freight transport

and presently convey most marine non-mass freight. By and
large, these boats are computerized and stack and dump with
gantry cranes. Right now, 90% of non-mass merchandise overall
are moved by compartment ships. The opponent unrefined
petroleum big hauler is presently the main business sort of
compartment transport.
3 Dredgers

The primary function of a dredger is to remove

deposited sediments such as sand, silt, or gravel from
inlet streams, waterways, or the ocean floor. Simply
put, these are ships containing excavation equipment
that are used to remove sand and other types of deposits
from the ocean floor.
5. Gas Carriers

A gas carrier, also known as an LPG, or LNG carrier, is a vessel designed to transport
LPG, LNG, CNG, or liquefied chemical gases in bulk. They are built to move liquefied
gases at low-temperature pressure between terminals equipped with fully refrigerated
storage tanks. Their great feature is the presence of round tanks above the main deck.

LNG gas carriers differ markedly in that they have large circular tanks on their deck. They
are available in 4 different types of tanks: independent tank, membrane tank, integral tank,
and semi membrane tank. On the other hand, chemical cargo ships have multiple tanks to
protect them from mixing the different substances they carry.
 High-Speed Craft

High-speed craft uses air pressure to move at high speed over water and has engines
and turbine propellers to move them. These ships were trendy from the time they
were launched and still maintain their popularity.

These types of ships are advanced, high-performance (usually high-speed) marine

vessels designed for civilian use, also known as a fast yachts. Most of these
technologies are not used in commercial ships. Mainly high-speed crafts serve as
passenger ferries.
 7 Naval Ships

It is a military ship used by the navy. Naval ships are large, heavily armed surface
ships primarily designed to engage enemy forces on the high seas, including various
types of battleships, destroyers, and corvettes.

These are differentiated from civilian ships by construction and purpose. These ships
are damage resistant and equipped with weapon systems, although the armament on
military transport is light or non-existent. They were designed primarily for naval
warfare and are called warships.
 8. Offshore Ships

Offshore ships are mainly used for oil exploration and construction at sea. There are
many types of offshore vessels. In addition, these ships provide transit and respite to
crew personnel to and from the operational areas of the high seas when required.

As noted above, the term offshore vessels is a collective context and include a wide
range of vessels employed in the region of the high seas. These ships are usually 50 to
100 meters (160 to 330 ft) in length and perform various tasks such as logistic support
and transportation of goods, equipment, and equipment.
 10 Roll-on Roll-Off Ships

Roll-on roll-off ships are types of ships that are used to carry wheeled cargo.
Wheeled cargo is nothing other than cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses, and
railroad cars that are driven on and off a ship, either on their wheels or using
a platform vehicle, such as Self-propelled modular transporter.

Roll-on roll-off ships contrast with lift-on/lift-off (LOLO) ships, which use
cranes to load and unload cargo. RORO ships have either built-in or shore-
based ramps or ferry slips that allow cargo to be rolled on and off the vessel
efficiently. The word RORO is generally used for large ocean-going vessels.
 9 Passenger Ships

Passenger ships are also known as cruise ships primarily for transferring passengers from one place to
another. Unlike the seaplanes used for transportation, cruise ships are usually used for round-trip
voyages to various ports, where passengers can go on tours. Modern types of passenger ships have less
hull strength, speed, and agility than seagoing ships. Although they have added facilities to cater to
water tourists, recent ships have been described as “floating condominiums laden with balconies”.
Generally, cruise ships do two to three nights or more round trips without visiting any port.
• The design of the accompanying
container vessel is decisive. The hull is
akin to the conventional Bulk Carriers and
General cargo ships built around a firm
keel. The lower part of the vessel has a
significant effect on the construction of
the ship. There are lower decks, an Engine
room, great ballast, and Fuel Tanks. The
Cargo holds are the places where the
underdeck Containers are loaded.
• Inside the hold, cell guide arrangements guide the
container to slot well. This helps the crane operator
safely slide the container inside the handles and acts as
a guide. It is imperative to maintain this cell guide well.
Any damage to the cell guides may lead to critical
consequences. These holds are topped by hatch covers,
above which the containers are stacked.

• Most modern container vessels do not have cranes, but

some have cargo cranes installed on them, especially in
vessels of smaller sizes. Vessels with cranes are called
geared container vessels, whereas vessels without
cranes are called Gearless container vessels.
• These geared container vessels use them for self-
loading and discharging at ports where the cargo
volume is low. There are also some specialised
systems for securing the containers onboard.

• In most container vessels, lift-away types of Hatch

covers are used. Hatch covers to increase the ship’s
carrying capacity and prevent water ingress inside
the hold & fissure, the containers under-deck and
on deck both. These hatch covers have cleats that
must be closed after every cargo operation &
before the vessel departs from any port.
END OF TOPIC WEEK 2

LET US TRANSFER
 MIDTERM Q#1

• Essay Type with rubrics. (20 pts.)

At your choice, about the type of ships,
Write a 200 words essay explain the
functions and its characteristics with
regards to its cargo and construction.