STD Family Medicine-WPS Office

International School of Medicine
Family Medicine
Name. :- Jitendra Saini
Jogesh Saini
Sufiyan Khan
Group :- 18
Semester :- 10th
Teacher :-Abdieva A
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
DISEASE
Infection transmitted by sexual contact are called as
sexually transmitted disease (STIS).
Sex isn't the only way some of these infections are
transmitted.
For example , you can also become infected with the

hepatitis B virus - which can survive outside the body for
at least a week - from contact with contaminated needles
or other sharp instruments , contact with the blood or
open sores of an infected person , or even by sharing
household items like a toothbrush or razor .
A sexually transmitted infection (STI)
sometimes referred to as a sexually transmitted

disease (STD) is a bacterial or viral illness.
STIs can have serious health consequences for

mother and baby.
STDs are serious illnesses that require treatment,

regardless of whether or not pregnant.
STDs include
Syphilis
Herpes
HIV / AIDS
Genital Warts ( causes by human
papilloma virus , or HPV )
Hepatitis B
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Trichomonas vaginalis
Syphilis
It is STDs caused by the spirochete bacterium

Treponema pallidum .
There are four stages to the progression of

the infection .
Primary stage - occurring on average 21 days after
exposure , where a single painless , firm non itchy ulcer or
chancre appears .
Secondary stage - Occurs between 4-10 weeks after
exposure, with the appearance of a non-itchy, diffuse rash
with fever and sore throat evident.
Tertiary phase - Can occur between 3 to 15 years after the
initial exposure . If the person doesn't seek the
treatment , they will exhibit neurological symptoms such
as general sepsis and seizures , as well as cardiac
symptoms including aneurysms
Diagnosis is via a blood test and the
treatment is penicillin.
It is highly likely that transmission of

syphilis will occur in pregnancy, causing
preterm birth, stillbirth or perinatal
death, thus screening for syphilis should
be routinely offered to all pregnant
women during the early antenatal
period.
Treatment
Penicillin G is the only known effective antimicrobial for
treating fetal infection and preventing congenital syphilis.
Evidence is insufficient to determine the optimal penicillin
regimen during pregnancy
Certain evidence indicates that additional therapy is beneficial

for pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis. For
women who have primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis,
a second dose of benzathine penicillin G 2.4 million units IM
can be administered 1 week after the initial dose
The baby may be born with congenital syphilis ,
Which is asymptomatic during infancy , but later in
childhood they may develop multi - organ conditions
such as deafness , seizures and cataracts
> Deafness : syphilis can cause the miningoneural

abryrinthitis ( inner ear disorder ) with round cell
infiltration of labyrinth and VIIlth nerve
( vestibulocochlear nerve transmits sound and
equilibrium ) as the predomint lesion early cause . In
secondary and tertiary meningitis.
Chlamydia
It is most commonly STI , especially in under 25 -
year - olds , and is caused by the bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis > Between 70-80% of women
affected by chlamydia are asymptomatic . Signs and
symptoms usually occur from 1-3 weeks following
infection and include dysuria , vaginal . discharge ,
lower abdominal pain , post - coital and inter
menstrual bleeding , anal discharge , conjunctivitis ,
eye infections and sore throats following anal or oral
sexual practices .
Herpes
If a women with genital herpes has virus present in the
birth canal during delivery , herpes simplex virus ( HSV )
can be spread to a baby , causing neonatal herpes , a
serious and sometimes fatal condition .
Neonatal herpes can cause an overwhelming infection

resulting in lasting damage to the central nervous system,
mental retardation, or death.
Medication , if given early prevent or reduce has serious

consequences for most infected infants .
Genital warts
Genital warts are a sexually transmitted infection
( STI ) . They typically appear as fleshy growths in
the tissues of the genitals.
Genital warts are caused by certain strains of the

human papillomavirus ( HPV ) .
If women have the strain of HPV that results in

genital warts while pregnant, it is not likely to affect
the health of baby.
Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is a common STI affecting the genital
tract (especially the cervix) and rectum.
It is transmitted by sexual activity with an infected

individual and is caused by the bacterium Neisseria
gonorrhea.
Most infected individuals are symptomatic with

signs. and symptoms occurring 2-10days after the
initial contact .
Testing for gonorrhea is via urine and cervical
swabs.
Treatment is with antibiotics , but drug resistance

can be problematic .
Gonorrhea can be transmitted to the neonate

during vaginal birth and result in eye infection.
Treatment- ceftriaxone and spectinomycion.

Trichomonas vaginalis
It is sexually transmitted disease spread through skin - to skin
contact during sexual activities .
It is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
If left untreated, a trichomoniasis infection can last for several

months.
Trichomoniasis can cause a fishy genital odor, large amounts of

white, gray, or green vaginal discharge, genital itching.
It can affect a women's chances for a pre-term delivery or the

baby having a low weigh birth. Although rare, there is a
chance that the infection could pass to baby during birth.
Treatment antibiotics such as metronidazole, tinidazole
HIV / AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) causes an incurable
infection that leads ultimately to a terminal disease call
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) .
Effects of HIV in pregnancy
Spontaneous abortion.
Preterm labor and preterm babies.
IUGR
Perinatal mortality
Prenatal care ► Voluntary serological testing for HIV
infection to all pregnant women in the perinatal clinic
should be offered.
Counseling about the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus

and neonates should be made and termination offered.
Progressive of the disease is assessed by- CD4 + T lymphocyte

counts and HIV RNA (Viral load) . Assessment is done at every
3-4 months interval. A patient with low viral load ( <
3000copies / ml ) and high CD4 + count ( > 750 cells / mm3 )
has nearly a zero probability of progressing to AIDs within
3years of 88
The patient should have T lymphocyte count in each
trimester. If the count falls to less than 200 cells /
mm3 , the patient should receive prophylaxis against
pneumocystis carinii and other opportunistic
infections
Highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) to HIV 1

positive women is effective in reducing the viral ( HIV
RNA ) load .
Intrapartum care ► Zidovudine is given IV infusion
starting at the onset of labor ( vaginal delivery ) or 4 hours
before cesarean section . Loading dose 2mg / kg ,
maintenance dose Img / kg / hr until cord clamping done .
A single dose of Nevirapine at the onset of labor and a
single dose of it to the newborn at age 48hours is an
effective alternative requirement for women who had no
prior therapy .
► Elective cesarean delivery reduces the risk of vertical

transmission by about 50% . Avoidance of breastfeeding,
HAART therapy and appropriate mode of delivery has
reduces MTCT rates from 25-30% to < 1%. Baby should be
bathed immediately.
Postpartum care ► Breastfeeding - Doubles the
risk of MTCT ( 14 % -28 % ) but where alternative
forms of infant nutrition are not safe , the risks
associated with breastfeeding may be accepted .
Mother is helped to make an informed choice.
► Zidovudine syrup - 2mg / kg is given to the

neonate 4 times daily for the first 6 weeks of life .
High risk neonate should be treated with HAART.
The infant is tested at DI , weeks 6 , 12 and at
18months of age .
Contraception
Barrier methods of contraction
( condom or female condom ) is
effective in preventing transmission
of the virus . The disease could be
prevented predominantly by health
education and by practice of safer
sex.
Thank You

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International School of Medicine

For example , you can also become infected with the

sometimes referred to as a sexually transmitted

STIs can have serious health consequences for

STDs are serious illnesses that require treatment,

It is STDs caused by the spirochete bacterium

There are four stages to the progression of

It is highly likely that transmission of

Certain evidence indicates that additional therapy is beneficial

> Deafness : syphilis can cause the miningoneural

Neonatal herpes can cause an overwhelming infection

Medication , if given early prevent or reduce has serious

Genital warts are caused by certain strains of the

If women have the strain of HPV that results in

It is transmitted by sexual activity with an infected

Most infected individuals are symptomatic with

Treatment is with antibiotics , but drug resistance

Gonorrhea can be transmitted to the neonate

Treatment- ceftriaxone and spectinomycion.

It is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.

If left untreated, a trichomoniasis infection can last for several

Trichomoniasis can cause a fishy genital odor, large amounts of

It can affect a women's chances for a pre-term delivery or the

Effects of HIV in pregnancy

Counseling about the risk of HIV transmission to the fetus

Progressive of the disease is assessed by- CD4 + T lymphocyte

Highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) to HIV 1

► Elective cesarean delivery reduces the risk of vertical

► Zidovudine syrup - 2mg / kg is given to the

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