Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab

Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:

LESSON TITLE: ZIKA VIRUS DISEASE Materials:

Pen, paper, index card, book, and class List
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, the nursing student can:
1. Describe what is zika virus; Reference:
2. Explain the mode of zika virus;
3. State the pathophysiology of zika virus; Navales D., (2010). Handbook of Common
4. Identify the etiologic agent of zika virus; Communicable and Infectious Diseases 3rd
5. Enumerate the signs and symptoms of zika virus; and, Edition, Philippines: C&E Publishing Inc.
6. Outline the different nursing management of zika virus.

A. LESSON PREVIEW/REVIEW (5 minutes)

Instruction: Enumerate the four categories of TB and explain it briefly. (Refer to session 29 for answer.)
1. Active TB Active TB is a condition where the TB germs are spreading quickly throughout the body and infecting several
Disease organs. Cough, phlegm, chest pain, weakness, weight loss, fever, chills, and night sweats are a few of the
common symptoms of active TB. A person with active pulmonary TB disease may transmit the disease to others
by coughed-up infected particles that travel through the air.
2. Miliary TB Miliary TB is a rare form of active disease that occurs when TB bacteria find their way into the bloodstream. In
this form, the bacteria quickly spread all over the body in tiny nodules and affect multiple organs at once. This
form of TB can be rapidly fatal.
3. Latent TB Many people with TB infection don't show any symptoms of the disease. Their chest x-ray can be normal, and
Infection they don't exhibit any symptoms. The only symptom of this encounter can be a negative TST or interferon-
gamma release assay result (IGRA). There is still a chance that the latent infection will develop into an active
illness, though. Other diseases like HIV or drugs that weaken the immune system enhance the risk. The United
States uses a policy of preventive therapy or treatment of latent TB infection to guard against this.
4.

B.MAIN LESSON (50 minutes)

Content and Skill-Building

Zika Virus

Zika Virus was first discovered in a monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. Before 2007, at least 14 cases of Zika had been
documented, although other cases were likely to have occurred and were not reported.

Causative Agent:
⎯ Single stranded RNA virus
⎯ Genus flavivirus, family Flaviviridae
⎯ Closely related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, and West Nile viruses
⎯ Primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito.

Incidence:
⎯ Before 2015, Zika outbreaks occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands.
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 Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:
⎯ Zika is currently is a risk in many countries and territories.
⎯ Infection rate: 73% (95% CI 68–77)
⎯ Symptomatic attack rate among infected: 18% (95% CI 10–27)
⎯ All age groups affected
⎯ Adults more likely to present for medical care
⎯ No severe disease, hospitalizations, or deaths

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 Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:

Mode of Transmission:
⎯ Bite from an infected mosquito
⎯ Maternal-fetal
✔ Periconceptional
✔ Intrauterine
✔ Perinatal
⎯ Sexual transmission from an infected person to his or her partners
⎯ Laboratory exposure
⎯ Zika may be spread through blood transfusion.
⎯ Zika virus has been detected in breast milk.
✔ There are no reports of transmission of Zika virus infection through breastfeeding.
✔ Based on available evidence, the benefits of breastfeeding outweigh any possible risk

Incubation Period:
⎯ Incubation period for Zika virus disease is 3–14 days.
⎯ Zika viremia ranges from a few days to 1 week.
⎯ Some infected pregnant women can have evidence of Zika virus in their blood longer than expected.
⎯ Virus remains in semen and urine longer than in blood.

Clinical Findings:
⎯ Clinical illness is usually mild.
⎯ Symptoms last several days to a week.
⎯ Severe disease requiring hospitalization is uncommon.
⎯ Fatalities are rare.
⎯ Research suggests that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is strongly associated with Zika; however only a small
proportion of people with recent Zika infection get GBS.

Symptoms:
⎯ Many infections are asymptomatic
⎯ Acute onset of fever
⎯ Maculopapular rash
⎯ Headache
⎯ Joint pain
⎯ Conjunctivitis (red eyes)
⎯ Muscle pain

Zika and Pregnancy Outcomes:

⎯ Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of microcephaly and other severe birth defects.
⎯ All infants born to mothers with laboratory evidence of Zika infection during pregnancy should receive a
comprehensive physical exam.
⎯ Congenital Zika syndrome is a distinct pattern of birth defects among fetuses and infants infected before birth.
⎯ Congenital Zika syndrome is associated with five types of birth defects that are either not seen or occur rarely with other
infections during pregnancy:
✔ Severe microcephaly (small head size) resulting in a partially collapsed skull
✔ Decreased brain tissue with brain damage (as indicated by a specific pattern of calcium deposits)
✔ Damage to the back of the eye with a specific pattern of scarring and increased pigment
✔ Limited range of joint motion, such as clubfoot
✔ Too much muscle tone restricting body movement soon after birth

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 Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:

Treatment:
⎯ There is no vaccine or medicine for Zika.
⎯ Treat the symptoms of Zika
✔ Rest
✔ Drink fluids to prevent dehydration
✔ Take acetaminophen to reduce fever and pain.

Prevention:
⎯ Pregnant women should not travel to areas with risk of Zika.
⎯ If they must travel to areas with risk of Zika, they should protect themselves from mosquito bites and sexual
transmission during and after travel.
⎯ Stay and sleep in places with air conditioning and window and door screens to keep mosquitoes outside.
⎯ Take steps to control mosquitoes inside and outside your home.
⎯ Sleep under a mosquito bed net if air conditioned or screened rooms are not available for if sleeping outdoors.
⎯ Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2 months old.
⎯ Do not use products containing oil of lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol on children younger than 3 years old.
⎯ Dress children in clothing that covers arms and legs.
⎯ Do not apply insect repellent onto a child’s hands, eyes, mouth, and cut or irritated skin.
⎯ Cover crib, stroller, and baby carrier with mosquito netting.
⎯ Adults: Spray insect repellent onto your hands and then apply to a child’s face.

CHECK FOR UNDERSTANDING (30 minutes)

You will answer and rationalize this by yourself. This will be recorded as your quiz. One (1) point will be given to correct answer and
another one (1) point for the correct ratio. Superimpositions or erasures in you answer/ratio is not allowed. You are given 30 minutes
for this activity:

Multiple Choice

1. What disease is strongly associated with Zika?

a. ALS
b. Bell’s Palsy
c. Microcephaly
d. GBS
ANSWER: D
RATIO: ⎯

Research suggests that Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is strongly associated with Zika; however only a small proportion of people
with recent Zika infection get GBS.

2. Zika Virus is a?
a. Fatal virus
b. RNA virus
c. DNA virus
d. Both B and C
ANSWER: B
RATIO: Single stranded RNA virus

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 Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:

3. Zika Virus was first discovered in?

a. Kenya
b. Congo
c. China
d. Uganda
ANSWER: D
RATIO: Zika Virus was first discovered in a monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947. Before 2007

4. What is the incubation period of Zika virus?

a. 3-14 days
b. 1 week
c. 1 – 7 days
d. 2 weeks
ANSWER: A
RATIO: Incubation period for Zika virus disease is 3–14 days.

5. Which of the following congenital defects are associated with zika virus?
a. microcephaly
b. decreased brain tissue
c. limited range of joint motion
d. too much muscle tone
e. All of these
ANSWER: E
RATIO: Congenital Zika virus infection has also been associated with other abnormalities, including but not limited to brain atrophy
and asymmetry, abnormally formed or absent brain structures, hydrocephalus, and neuronal migration disorders. Other anomalies
include excessive and redundant scalp skin.

RATIONALIZATION ACTIVITY (THIS WILL BE DONE DURING THE FACE TO FACE INTERACTION)
The instructor will now rationalize the answers to the students. You can now ask questions and debate among yourselves. Write the
correct answer and correct/additional ratio in the space provided.

1. ANSWER:
RATIO:

2. ANSWER:
RATIO:

3. ANSWER:
RATIO:

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 Microbiology and Parasitology - Lab
Module #23 Student Activity Sheet

Name: Jemimah Grace Dantes Class number:

Section:A4 Schedule: 8:00-4:00PM Date:

4. ANSWER:
RATIO:

5. ANSWER:
RATIO:

C. LESSON WRAP-UP (5 minutes)

AL Activity: CAT: 3-2-1

Instructions:
1. As an exit ticket at the end of the class period
2. Record three things you learned from the lesson.
3. Next, two things that you found interesting and that you’d like to learn more about.
4. Then, record one question you still have about the lesson.

Three things you learned:

1. Description of Zika Virus
2. Mode of zika virus
3. The pathophysiology of zika virus

Two things that you’d like to learn more about:

1. The etiologic agent of zika virus
2. The signs and symptoms of zika virus

One question you still have:

1. So far, nothing

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