THE EFFECTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING TO THE HEALTH OF AUTOMOTIVE

GRADE 11 AND GRADE 12 STUDENTS IN COMPUTER RESEACRH NETWORK,

INC

CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

A large volume of data has accumulated on the issues of tobacco and health worldwide.

The relationship between tobacco use and health stems initially from clinical observations about

lung cancer, the first disease definitively linked to tobacco use (Thomas f whayne,sibu

saha,2017). Almost 35 years ago, the Office of the Surgeon General of the United States Health

Service reviewed over 7000 research papers on the topic of smoking and health, and publicly

recognized the role of smoking in various diseases, including lung cancer. Since then, numerous

studies have been published that substantiate the strong association of tobacco use with a variety

of adverse human health effects, most prominently with cancer and cardiovascular diseases

(Deepak k. Bhalla, cg Gairola,1987). Cigarette smoking is regarded as a major risk factor in the

development of lung cancer, which is the main cause of cancer deaths in men and women in the

United States and the world. Major advances have been made by applying modern genetic

technologies to examine the relationship between exposure to tobacco smoke and the

development of diseases in human populations. The present review summarizes the major

research areas of the past decade, important advances, future research needs and federal funding

trends.

Smoking leads to disease and disability and harms nearly every organ of the body.
 More than 16 million Filipino's are living with a disease caused by smoking. For every

person who dies because of smoking, at least 30 people live with a serious smoking-related

illness. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung diseases, diabetes, and chronic

obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Smoking also increases risk for tuberculosis, certain eye diseases, and problems of the immune

system, including rheumatoid arthritis.

Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to approximately 41,000 deaths among nonsmoking

adults and 400 deaths in infants each year. Secondhand smoke causes stroke, lung cancer, and

coronary heart disease in adults. Children who are exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased

risk for sudden infant death syndrome, acute respiratory infections, middle ear disease, more

severe asthma, respiratory symptoms, and slowed lung growth

Statement of the Problem

This study is sought to answer the following question:

2. What are the way to stop Smoking in Senior High School?

Objectives of the Study

This study aims:

1. to prove the effects of cigarette Smoking to the health of automotive students in Computer

Research Network, INC.

2.To increase awareness and the intention to quit among smokers.

Significance of the Study

This study is ought to benefit the following:

The Senior High School Students. This will serve as their reference to know the positive and

negative effect of cigarette smoking This study is conducted to find out the effects of cigarettes

smoking to the health of automotive students in CRNI.

The Parents - this research can serve as one of their tools on how to manage their children in

using the cigarettes as they are the model of their young children.

The teachers / mentor - This research finding will allow teacher / mentors to make this bases in

realizing the student’s and effect of cigarettes smoking exposure.

The future Researcher. This research can serve as one of their tools in conducting further

research and related studies. The effects of cigarettes smoking to the health of automotive

students in CRN.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

CRNI.

This study will not include irrelevant matter.

This will Limit Computer Research Network, Inc. only in academic year 2022-2023.

Definition of Terms

Senior High School is the second part of secondary education under the K-12 program, wherein

the students would take up the subjects under their career pathway specialization.

Tobacco. Use may be defined as any habitual use of the tobacco plant leaf and its products. The

predominant use of tobacco is by smoke inhalation of cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. Smokeless

tobacco refers to a variety of tobacco products that are either sniffed, sucked, or chewed.

When cancer starts in the lungs, it is called lung cancer. Lung cancer begins in the lungs and may

spread to lymph nodes or other organs in the body, such as the brain. Cancer from other organs

also may spread to the lungs. When cancer cells spread from one organ to another, they are

called metastases.

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

Foreign literature
 The continued popularity of tobacco smoking appears to defy rational explanation.

Smokers mostly acknowledge the harm they are doing to themselves and many reports that they

do not enjoy it – yet they continue to smoke (Fidler & West, 2011; Ussher, Brown,

Rajamanoharan, & West, 2014). The reason is that nicotine from cigarettes generates strong

urges to smoke that undermine and overwhelm concerns about the negative consequences of

smoking, and the resolve not to smoke in those trying to stop (West & Shiffman, 2016). Progress

is being made in many countries in reducing smoking prevalence but it remains one of the main

causes of ill health and premature death worldwide (Gowing et al., 2015)

A large volume of data has accumulated on the issues of tobacco and health worldwide.

The relationship between tobacco use and health stems initially from clinical observations about

lung cancer, the first disease definitively linked to tobacco use. Almost 35 years ago, the Office

of the Surgeon General of the United States Health Service reviewed over 7000 research papers

on the topic of smoking and health, and publicly recognized the role of smoking in various

diseases, including lung cancer. Since then, numerous studies have been published that

substantiate the strong association of tobacco use with a variety of adverse human health effects,

most prominently with cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Cigarette smoking is regarded as a

major risk factor in the development of lung cancer, which is the main cause of cancer deaths in

men and women in the United States and the world. Major advances have been made by

applying modern genetic technologies to examine the relationship between exposure to tobacco

smoke and the development of diseases in human populations. The present review summarizes

the major research areas of the past decade, important advances, future research needs and

federal funding trends (Sibu P. Saha, et. Al., 2008). public health problem in the Philippines.

Effective tobacco control policies are enshrined in the World Health (WHO) Framework
Convention on Organization Tobacco Control (FCTC), a legally binding international treaty that

was ratified by the Philippines In (2005, B. BeBellew). Bloomberg Philanthropies has supported

the accelerated reduction of tobacco. use in many countries, including the Philippines. Progress

in the Philippines is with Particular emphasis on In accordance with the WHO guidelines, the

students were categorized as daily smokers, occasional smokers, former smokers or nonsmokers.

Daily smokers were defined as those who smoked at least one cigarette per day for at least one

month before completing the questionnaire; occasional smokers were defined as those who did

not smoke daily; former smokers (ex-smokers) were defined as those who previously had a daily

smoking habit for a continuous period of six months but had given up smoking at least one

month prior to completion of the questionnaire; and nonsmokers were defined as those who had

never smoked or who had been smoking for less than one month. No missing values were

reported by the investigators. Descriptive data analysis was performed using Statistical Package

for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.

The significance level was set at P < 0.05. To assess the independent effect of individual factors,

multiple logistic regression analysis was used and odds ratio (OR) with 95% CIs were computed

(Sibu P. et. Al., 2008).

Local Literature

Tobacco use is the leading cause of estimated to kill more than 5 Preventable million

worldwide. death, and is persons each year exposure to second-hand smoke Tobacco use and

pose a major the period Since ratification of the WHO FCTC, and with particular focus on the

Brants programmed funded by the Bloomberg Initiative. Despite considerable progress,

economic burden from the tobacco epidemic is to be alleviated.

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose one of the main health diseases challenges of

the twenty-first century; of the estimated 57 million global deaths in 2008, 36 million (63%)

were due to NCDs.1 From the Global Burden of Disease projections, an estimated 2.6 million

people died from NCDs in the 10 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries,

and the mortality rate adjusted to age per 100 000 population is high in low-income countries.2,3

The largest proportion of NCD deaths is caused by cardiovascular disease (48%), followed by

cancers (21%) and chronic respiratory diseases (12%).

Tobacco use is an important behavioral risk factor that is responsible for 12% of male

deaths and 6% of female deaths in the world.4 Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is

estimated to cause more than 600 000 premature deaths annually. These include 166 000 deaths

from lower respiratory infections, 35 800 from asthma (1100 from asthma in children), 21 000

from lung cancer and 379 000 from ischaemic heart disease in adults. This disease burden

amounts in total to about 10.9 million disability-adjusted life years. Of all deaths attributable to

in women.5 Tobacco use is the HS, 28% occur, children and 47% leading cause of preventable

death, and is estimated to kill more than 5 million people each year worldwide; if current trends

persist, tobacco will kill more than 8 million people worldwide each year by the year 2030, with

80% of these premature deaths in low- and middle-income countries.6,7 In the Philippines,

tobacco kills at least 87 600 Filipinos per year (240 deaths every day); one third of these are men

in the most productive age of their lives.8The most effective tobacco control policies are

contained in the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

(FCTC),9 which is the first global health treaty, and encapsulated in the corresponding
Philippines, the FCTC was ratified in MPOWER policy 2005 by the Senate and signed by

package.10 In the the President, i.e., the ratification itself went through a legislative process.

Parties to this legally binding international treaty must enact new laws or amend existing ones so

that they are consistent with implementation of the FCTC is the FCTC. Progress in monitored

and reported by the WHO.6,7,11 The South-East Asia Tobacco Publishes Control Alliance also

publishes reports on FCTC implementation. The Philippines Is twelfth most popu-lous country,

with projected the world's estimates of 101.8 million by 2015 population and over 132.5 million

by 2040.24 Total health expenditure per capita is estimated at US$66.1 tobacco industry in the

country has been described as in The 'the strongest.

The Philippines started to implement tobacco control efforts in 1987 and has intensified

them over time. Since then, despite the strong lobbying of the tobacco industry, the country has

successfully passed the Republic Act 9211 (Tobacco Regulation Act of 2003); despite

shortcomings, several this Act was designed to promote a healthy environment and protect

citizens from the hazards of tobacco smoke, inform the public of the health risks associated with

cigarette smoking and tobacco use, regulate and subsequently ban all tobacco lobby in Asia'.20

The Philippines has one of the highest per capita levels of cigarette consumption among the

ASEAN countries, well above the ASEAN average (873 cigarettes).25 Tobacco use, exposure to

SHS and pervasive marketing of tobacco products pose a major public health problem in the

country, according to recent data: advertisement and sponsorships, except at point of sale,

regulate labelling of tobacco products, and protect young people from being initiated to cigarette

smoking and tobacco use through access restrictions.