CEPC0505

MACHINE AND
EQUIPMENT SAFETY

Engr. Meeko C. Masangcap

GROUP 7 Subject Instructor
 MACHINE EQUIPMENT
• A machine is an apparatus used for the • Equipment is any necessary items
mechanical power and has several parts, required for a particular purpose.
each with a definite function, which • They are set of tools.
together performs a particular task. • Humans use equipment to complete a
• They are assembled parts. task.
• A machine does a preset task without • Equipments are required to set up not
any human intervention. only the mechanical machines, but also
• Machines require the set of appropriate for setting up any relevant operation or
equipments. They are a part of task.
equipments. • They are basically used for the any
• They are used in the fields of energy and machine or operation generation.
power conversion. • Equipments play an essential role for the
• Mechanically there are numerous development and requirement of any
machines in the world. task.
 KEY PRINCIPLES OF MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
MECHANICAL HAZARDS SAFETY
Common mechanical hazards and associated risks for machinery and
Machinery and equipment have moving parts. The equipment are shown below.
action of moving parts may have sufficient force in
motion to cause injury to people.
When assessing machinery and equipment for
HAZARD RISK
possible mechanical hazards, consider:
• machinery and equipment with moving parts that
can be reached by people Rotating shafts, pullies, sprockets and gears Entanglement
• machinery and equipment that can eject objects
(parts, components, products or waste items) that may Hard surfaces moving together Crushing
strike a person with sufficient force to cause harm
• machinery and equipment with moving parts that Scissor or shear action
Severing
can reach people, such as booms or mechanical
appendages (arms)
Sharp edge – moving or stationary Cutting or puncturing
• mobile machinery and equipment, such as forklifts,
pallet jacks, earthmoving equipment, operated in areas
where people may gain access. Cable or hose connections Slips, trips, and falls (e.g. oil leaks)
When assessing machinery and equipment for possible mechanical hazards, consider:

• Machinery and equipment with moving parts that can be reached by people
• Machinery and equipment that can eject objects (parts, components, products, or waste items) that may strike a person with
sufficient force to cause harm
• Machinery and equipment with moving parts that can reach people, such as booms or mechanical appendages (arms)
• Mobile machinery and equipment, such as forklifts, pallet jacks, and earthmoving equipment, operated in areas where
people may gain access.

Example of mechanical hazards:

Woodworking dust generated by a buzzer is Welding fumes are extracted via flexible,
removed via forced extraction and ventilation. locatable forced extraction and ventilation
system.
 KEY PRINCIPLES OF MACHINERY & EQUIPMENT
NON-MECHANICAL HAZARDS SAFETY
Common non-mechanical hazards are shown below.
Non-mechanical hazards associated with HAZARD RISK
machinery and equipment can include harmful
emissions, contained fluids or gas under pressure, Dust
Mist (vapors or fumes)

chemicals and chemical by-products, electricity and

noise, all of which can cause serious injury if not Noise
Explosive or flammable atmospheres
adequately controlled. In some cases, people exposed
to these hazards may not show signs of injury or Heat (radiated or conducted)
Ignition sources (flame or spark)
illness for years. Where people are at risk of injury
due to harmful emissions from machinery and
equipment, the emissions should be controlled at their High-intensity light (laser, ultraviolet) Molten materials

source.
Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury) Chemicals
When assessing machinery and equipment for
possible non-mechanical hazards, consider how
Pressurized fluids and gases
machinery and equipment can affect the area Steam

(environment) around them.

Ionizing radiation (x-rays, microwaves) Electrical
Non-mechanical hazards associated with machinery and equipment can cause serious injury if not adequately controlled.
People exposed to these hazards may not show signs of injury or illness for years, so emissions should be controlled at their
source.

Example of non-mechanical hazards:

 Common HAZARDS BY TYPE OF WORKPLACE
ACTIVITY
People who install or dismantle machinery and
People providing maintenance or repair servicesPeople operating machinery and equipment
equipment could: could: could:
• work alone • be required to place their hands close to the
• work in isolation • work on machinery and equipment at height, or mechanism of the machinery and equipment
• work on machinery and equipment at over machinery and equipment to connect services, that does the work, and may be injured if
height, or over machinery and equipment such as electricity, air or water caught or trapped by moving parts
to connect services, such as electricity, air • access machinery and equipment from the rear or
• be exposed to constant harmful noise,
sides
or water • be required to enter confined spaces of larger
radiated energy or fumes being emitted from
• work in low light, or with bright machinery and equipment
the machinery and equipment being operated,
directional light • be trapped by the mechanism of the machinery or are close to
• access machinery and equipment from the and equipment through poor isolation of energy • inadvertently bump or knock poorly placed
top, sides or underneath sources or stored energy, such as spring-loaded or control levers or buttons
counter-balance mechanisms, compressed air or • be required to make adjustments to the
• work with or near cranes, forklifts or
fluids, or parts held in position by hydraulics or mechanism of machinery and equipment while
rigging to lift machinery and equipment pneumatic (air) rams the machine is in motion
• work in confined spaces • move heavy parts when changing the set up of • be required to clear away scrap
• use power tools, welders, extension leads, machinery and equipment, or repairing failed parts, • make minor adjustments, or reach into the
which present electrical hazards if such as electric motors or gear box assemblies moving mechanism of the machinery and
damaged or wet. • disable or remove normal safety systems to equipment being operated.
access the mechanism of machinery and
equipment.
RISK CONTROL OF MACHINERY AND
EQUIPMENT HAZARDS
RISK CONTROL OF GENERAL
HAZARDS Effective machinery and equipment risk controls reflect some or
• Higher-order machinery and equipment risk controls are preventative all of the following characteristics:
by nature, are effective and durable for the environment it is used in,
and deal directly with the hazard at its source. • the hazard is controlled at its source
• Lower-order machinery and equipment risk controls, such as • contact or access to the hazard is prevented
personal protective equipment (PPE), can prevent injuries, but are • sturdy construction (correct materials with few points of
generally not as effective as higher-order controls, as they rely more potential failure)
on worker behavior, maintenance programs, and supervision. • fail-safe (failure of the control system to be effective will
• Administrative controls use systems of work to reduce risk by result in machinery shut-down)
providing a framework of expected behaviors. Examples are rotation • tamper-proof design (as difficult as possible to bypass)
of staff to reduce exposure to a hazard, or a documented safe system • presents minimum impediment to machinery and equipment
of work, such as ‘lockout tagout’. These types of controls rely on operator
extensive instruction, information, training and supervision. • easy to inspect and maintain
• does not introduce further hazards through the risk control
action.
 RISK CONTROL OF MECHANICAL HAZARDS
Separation is a simple and effective machinery and equipment risk control and may be achieved by distance, barrier or time.

• Distance separation means a person cannot reach the hazard due to distance.
• Barrier separation means an effective barrier or guard denies access and controls ejection of parts, products or waste.
• Time separation means at the time of access, the machinery and/or equipment is disabled.

Guarding • Adjustable guarding incorporates movable sections or

A guard can perform several functions including: panels of the guard and allows for material or parts to be
• denying bodily access fed into the guarded area while still preventing bodily
• containing ejected parts, tools, off-cuts or swath contact.
• preventing emissions escaping • Tunnel guards provide a tunnel, aperture or chute in which
• forming part of a safe working platform. material can be inserted into the machinery and equipment,
Guarding is commonly used with machinery and equipment to prevent access but due to the restrictive design and depth of the opening,
to: fingers, hands, arms, or the entire person is prevented from
• rotating end drums of belt conveyors intruding into the danger area.
• moving augers of auger conveyors • Interlock guarding occurs when the act of moving the
• rotating shafts guard (opening, sliding or removing) to allow access, stops
• moving parts that do not require regular adjustment the action of the hazardous mechanism.
• machine transmissions, such as pulley and belt drives, chain drives, exposed
drive gears
• any dangerous moving parts, machinery and equipment.
 Personal protective equipment

RISK CONTROL OF • PPE is a lower order control and can only be used where higher order controls are
not possible or are not totally effective.
NON-MECHANICAL • Selection and use of PPE requires careful consideration, as there are many different
types that reduce the risk of injury of contact or exposure to a hazard.
• Incorrect use of PPE, or purchasing inappropriate PPE, can contribute to serious
HAZARDS
The first step in selecting suitable and effective controls for
non-mechanical hazards is to understand the nature of workplace incidents.
emissions that can be released by machinery and equipment in • PPE that is uncomfortable, restrictive or heavy may create secondary hazards, and,
the workplace, where those emissions collect, and the way they
as a result, constant supervision may be necessary to ensure it is used effectively.
may cause harm.

• Isolating people from non-mechanical hazards is essential

for hazardous machinery and equipment emission controls,
and ventilation and extraction systems are used to remove
hazardous emissions from the work environment.
• Guarding may also serve to mute noise emissions through
the application of sound-absorbing materials. Other
emissions, such as lasers, ultraviolet light, bright light, or
welding flash, can also be safely screened to prevent
potentially harmful exposure.
• Oil leaks from machinery and/or equipment may present a
serious slip hazard. By preventing oil leaks through routine
maintenance, or containing leaking oil with a drip tray or
through spill containment strategies, the risk the hazard
presents is controlled.
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA’s )
requirements for machine guarding
• 29CFR – OSHA’s requirement for all industries: Requirements for all safeguards
• Types of guarding: One or more methods of machine guarding (barriers,
two-hand switches, tripping devices, and electronic sensors) must be National Safety Council safeguard requirements:
provided to protect people from point of operation hazards such as nip
points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. • Prevent Contact: safeguards should prevent human contact
• General requirements for machine guards: Where possible guards should (operator or any other person) with any potentially harmful
be affixed to the machine in such a way that they do not create hazards machine part.
themselves. • Be secure and durable: Workers should not be able to render
• Guarding the point of operation: Any point of operation that might expose them ineffective by tampering or disabling them.
a person to injury must be guarded, in such a way as to prevent the • Protect against falling objects: safeguards must also shield the
machine operator from having any part of their body (including clothing, moving part of machines from falling objects.
hair, etc.) in the danger zone during the operating cycle of the machine. • Create no new hazard: safeguards with a sharp edge, unfinished
• Machines requiring point of operation guards: guillotine cutters, shears, surface, or protruding bolts introduce new hazards while
alligator shears, power presses, milling machines, power saws, jointers, preventing against the old.
portable power tools, forming rolls, and calendars. • Create no interference: safeguards that create interference are
• Exposure of blades: Fans must be guarded if the blades are less than likely to be disregarded or disabled by workers feeling the
seven feet above the floor or working level – guards shall have no pressure of production deadlines.
opening that exceeds one half inch. • 1.Allow safe maintenance: such as lubrication without the
• Anchoring fixed machinery: Machines that are designed to be in one removal of guards.
location must be securely anchored to prevent movement.
CEPC0505

THANK YOU!!
MACHINE AND EQUIPMENT
GROUP 7
Leader:
SAFETY
Arellano, Jonalyn
Members: Acosta, Cynthia Marie
Alarcon, Alynx Andrea
Basilio, Rhea
Cinco, Danna
Dela Cruz, Nadine Carme Engr. Meeko C. Masangcap
Manuel, Valerie Mae Subject Instructor
Nangitngitan, Godiva Aira
Reyes, Kim
Valencia, Angelica