Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
• By : Eng. /Ahmed Ayad
• HSSE Supervisor
Rules
Emergency Exits
Assembly Point
Head Count responsible
Emergency Telephone 01099969669
First Aids / Clinic

Rules
Keep you cell phone silent
Smoking is not allowed

32
Training Objectives:
1- Know Hazard and Risk

2- Know steps of risk assessment
3- How to make risk control
4- Risk assessment matrix
Risk Assessment
• Risk assessment is the process of identifying and evaluating a
hazard to determine the level of action required to reduce a risk to
an acceptable level.
• It is nothing more than a careful examination of what in the

workplace could cause harm to people, so that we can weigh-up
whether the department has taken enough precautions or are
required to take additional precautions, to prevent harm
occurring.
What is a Hazard?
• A Hazard is
anything that has
the potential to
cause harm, e.g.
chemicals,
electricity,
working up a
ladder.
• Using a crane,
forklift …….
What is a Risk?
• The Risk is the likelihood that the hazard will cause
harm and the severity of the consequence.
• For Example:
• If you are cleaning the oven with corrosive cleaner
without using gloves or apron there is a great risk of
being harmed.
• If you wear all protective clothing and gloves and
adhere to all safety precautions the risk is low.
• If you change the chemical to a safer type and adhere
to all precautions the risk will be even lower.
Hazard or Risk?
This is a HAZARD
Hazards may cause a Risk to
health or safety
This is a RISK
Risk Assessment In Practice
• Five Steps to Risk Assessment:
1. Look for the hazards.
2. Decide who might be harmed and how
3. Evaluate the risks and decide whether the existing
precautions are adequate or whether more should be
done.
4. Record your findings.
5. Review your assessment and revise it if necessary.
1. Hazard Identification
Hazard Identification
• Walk around the workplace and look afresh at

what could reasonably be expected to cause
harm.
• Previous Accident Reports.
• Brainstorming
• Knowledge of Employees
• Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
• Manufacturers Instruction Books
• Ask, “What If ….?”
• The following are examples of plant, equipment or
activities that are usually associated with a hazard:
• Work at heights, and access to/from it (roofwork,

ladders, scaffolds).
• Work below ground level and in confined spaces
(tanks, ducts, trenches)
• Manual handling of loads.
• Work with electricity (portable tools, extension
leads)
• Hazardous chemical substances.
• Display screen equipment.
• Ionizing, non - ionizing and laser radiation
• Pressure vessels / vacuum works
• Flammable liquid and gases
• Machinery and plant (machinery requiring guarding).
• Grinding/milling machines
• Woodworking machines.
• Portable power tools.
• Noise
• Vehicles (forklift, cranes)
• Disposal of special wastes.
List of Hazards
• Slipping/tripping hazards • Electricity (poor wiring)

(poorly maintained floors or • Ejection of material (from
stairs). plastic moulding)
• Fume (from welding) • Chemicals (battery acids)
• Dust (from grinding) • Pressure systems (steam
• Manual handling boilers).
• Poor lighting
• Temperature
2. Who Might Be Harmed and
How
Who Might Be Harmed and How
• Generally it will be staff occupying the
workplace.
• Attention must be paid to:
• Visitors
• Contractors
• Cleaning staff
• Maintenance staff
• Inexperienced staff
101
3. Assessment of the Risk
Assessment of the Risk
Assessment of the Risk
• For the hazards listed, do the

precautions already taken:
1. Meet the standards set by the legal
requirement?
2. Comply with a recognized industry standard?
3. Represent good practice?
4. Reduce risk as far as reasonably practicable?
Likelihood
• Likelihood: The chance of an event (which may cause
injury or harm to person) actually occurring.
• Very Likely: Could happen Frequently
• Likely: Could happen occasionally
• Unlikely: Could happen, but only rarely.
• Highly Unlikely: Could happen but probably never
will.
Exposure
• When evaluating the likelihood of an accident, a
factor that will modify the likelihood category, is
exposure.
• Exposure:
• Is a measure of how often or how long a person
is actually exposed to a hazard, some examples
are:
Exposure
• Very Rare: Once per year or less.
• Rare: A few time per year.
• Unusual: Once per month.
• Occasional: Once per week
• Frequent: Daily
• Continuous: Constant
Consequences
• Consequence is a measure of the expected severity

should an accident occur.
1. Fatal: Death
2. Major Injuries: Normally irreversible injury or damage to
health requiring extended time off work.
3. Minor Injuries: Typically a reversible injury or damage to
health needing several days away from work to recover.
4. Negligible Injuries: Would require first aid and may need the
reminder of the work period or shift off before being able to
return to work.
Consequences
• Involves assessment of risk rating, for example: HIGH,

MEDIUM, or LOW.
• When making a risk assessment all the aspects of
likelihood and consequences should be taken into
consideration.
• The interrelated parameters of likelihood and
consequences can easily be presented on the simple
matrix shown on the next slide.
Basic Risk Assessment
Consequence Likelihood
Very Likely Likely Unlikely Highly

Unlikely
Fatality High High High Medium
Major High High Medium Medium

Injuries
Minor High Medium Medium Low

Injuries
Negligible Medium Medium Low Low

Injuries
Risk Rating
Semi-Quantitatively
• This approach uses numerical values to assess
risk.
• Multiply the likelihood X Consequence.
• 1 – 6 may be acceptable
• 7 – 14 the risk should be reduced
• 15 – 25 Task must not proceed or further control
measures put in place to reduce risk
4. Recording of Assessment
Findings
Recording of Assessment
Findings
• Formal written record.

• Any suitable form.
• Where the risk is considered to be low, either
from experience or from the calculation of risk
rating, this must be stated in the form and no
further action is then required.
• If the risk is deemed to be medium or high, the
further action needed to control that risk must
be clearly stated on the risk assessment form.
Risk Control
Risk Control
• When a risk assessment has identified a hazard

as having unacceptable risks we have to put in
place control measures to eliminate the risk or
reduce the risk to an acceptable level.
HIERARCHY OF CONTROL
1. Elimination
2. Substitution
3. Isolation
4. Engineering Control
5. Administrative Control
6. Provide Personal Safety Devices.
1-Elimination
• The most satisfactory method of dealing with a
hazard is to eliminate it.
• Transporting an explosive called Anfo
(ammonium nitrate + diesel oil).
• Both are safe in isolation but when mixed they
become unstable.
• The dangers of long distance transport can be
eliminated by not mixing them until they are on
site.
2- Substitution
• Substituting dangerous process or substance
with one that is not as dangerous.
• Water based paints rather than those contain
lead.
3- Isolation
• Separate or isolate the hazard from people
• A guard is placed over a piece of moving
machinery.
• A fence with gate around machines.
4- Engineering Control
• Fixing local ventilation system to remove
harmful fumes.
• Fixing dust collector with proper filters.
• Fixing proper shock absorber to reduce noise.
• Ilumination / A/C
5- Administration Control
• Modification of the likelihood of an accident
happening.
• Reducing the number of people exposed to the
danger and providing training to those people
who are exposed to the hazard.
• Training of electricians (licensed).
• Danger signs, written safety systems of work.
6- Personal Protective
Equipment
• To be considered only when all other control
methods are impractical.
5. Monitoring and Review
Monitoring and Review
• To review the assessment periodically.
• The introduction of new machines, substances or
people into the work place may introduce new
risks or change the category of an existing risk
from low to medium or high.
• Only when there is a significant change.
Any Questions ?
Thanks

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Risk Assessment

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Risk Assessment

Head Count responsible

Emergency Telephone 01099969669

First Aids / Clinic

Keep you cell phone silent

Smoking is not allowed

1- Know Hazard and Risk

• It is nothing more than a careful examination of what in the

• Walk around the workplace and look afresh at

• Work at heights, and access to/from it (roofwork,

• Slipping/tripping hazards • Electricity (poor wiring)

• For the hazards listed, do the

• Consequence is a measure of the expected severity

• Involves assessment of risk rating, for example: HIGH,

Very Likely Likely Unlikely Highly

Fatality High High High Medium

Major High High Medium Medium

Minor High Medium Medium Low

Negligible Medium Medium Low Low

• Formal written record.

• When a risk assessment has identified a hazard

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