RESEARCH WORK

ANGELICA S. MAGASTINO
 LOVE
• Love is the will to extent oneself.
• Love is a set of emotions and behaviors characterized by intimacy, passion, and
commitment. It involves care, closeness, protectiveness, attraction, affection, and trust.
• Love is a basic human emotion just like happiness or anger.
• Love can vary and change overtime. It is associated with a range of positive emotions,
including happiness, excitement, life satisfaction, and euphoria, but it can also result in
such as jealousy and stress. This is a deep or passionate feeling of connection or affection
that often involves an element of emotional attachment.
• The meaning of love and things associated with love can vary from person to person,
relationship to relationship, and across cultures
 TYPES OF LOVE
• FRIENDSHIP-liking someone and sharing a certain degree of intimacy.
• INFATUATION-involves intense feelings of attraction without sense of
commitment.
• PASSIONATE LOVE-marked by intense feelings of longing and attraction.
• COMPASSIONATE LOVE-is marked by trust, affection, intimacy, and
commitment.
• UNREQUITED LOVE-happens when one person loves another who does not
return those feelings.
INTIMACY
 INTIMACY
• Sharing private thoughts, feelings, and desires with the other person.
• Intimacy allows people to bond with each other on many levels.
• Intimacy is words and actions, and sharing feelings and experiences – pain and
sadness, as well as happiness and love, hard work and humor. Intimacy can be
sexual though it’s also a reassuring touch, really listening to your partner or
allowing them to be vulnerable or to cry. You might value being independent, but
at the same time you probably want to be close to someone, to do things together,
to know that you are loved and accepted for who you are, despite your faults. You
want to know that you matter deeply to someone else.
 INTIMACY
• EMOTIONAL INTIMACY-Emotional intimacy can be one of the most
important factors of a relationship. One journal defined emotional intimacy
as involving "a perception of closeness to another that allows sharing of
personal feelings, accompanied by expectations of understanding,
affirmation, and demonstrations of caring."
To cultivate emotional intimacy, take time to listen to and share with your
partner each day. Also, make notes of special moments or things that remind
you of your partner so that you can let them know you're thinking about them.
 INTIMACY
• INTELLECTUAL-Look, you don't have to watch Jeopardy together
every single night, but it can be fun to have intellectual conversations with
your partner, primarily if you work in different fields. Find new topics to
talk about; simple Google searches pull up hundreds of conversation
starters.
If you put effort into having conversations outside of the everyday
monotony, it can keep things fresh in your relationship.
 INTIMACY
• EXPERIENTIAL-While couples don't have to be joined at the hip,
shared experiences are important in healthy relationships. They're also
often the way that relationships begin, so experiences can even add an
element of nostalgia for long-term partners.
If you're looking to deepen your experiential intimacy, this is an
excellent time to book a trip or try out a fun new date spot or activity in your
city. Attempt to learn something new about your partner.
 INTIMACY
• SPIRITUAL-While this can be referring to religious ideas and beliefs, it
can also mean something more profound, like sharing actual beliefs and
values.4
 Your values and beliefs can align with religion or even health and
wellness. Regardless, it's important to share these important aspects of your
life with your partner. This can also be a chance for you and your partner to
talk about what role you want spirituality to play in your lives if you have a
family.
 HOW TO BUILD INTIMACY IN
RELATIONSHIPS
• No matter how long you have been together, it's always important to build your intimacy levels.
Here are some easy, practical ways to strengthen your levels of intimacy in your relationship:
• If you're too tired for sex or even talking, cuddle on the couch.
• Plan a trip to a place neither of you has been. It's fun to experience new things for the first time.
• Put down the electronics, even if it's just during a meal or while you and your spouse watch a show
together. Indeed, make sure to do this if your partner is talking to you about their day or an
experience.
• Speaking of listening to your partner, make yourself emotional available to them. If you absolutely
can't manage to do this when they're talking to you, calmly explain why and then set aside time in
the future to listen to what they have to say.
• Send each other articles so that you have something fun and new to talk about. This also helps build
on intellectual intimacy, and it can give you a much-needed mental break if you have kids or are a
caregiver to another loved one.
 DIFFERENT FORMS OF INTIMACY
• PHYSICAL INTIMACY-While a hug or holding a hand are both
examples of physical intimacy, this type is most commonly used in
reference to sex. And while sex is important in relationships, you can also 
demonstrate physical intimacy through kissing, holding hands, cuddling,
and skin-to-skin touching.
• While these small physical shows of affection may seem mundane, they
can help you and your partner cultivate a feeling of closeness.
ATTRACTION
 ATTRACTION
• Attraction can take many forms and it’s possible to experience more than
one type simultaneously.
• Learning about the nuanced and multifaceted nature of attraction helps us
gain insight into our own feelings, as well as the boundaries we need to set
to ensure those feelings are respected and understood.
 Types of Attraction
• Alterous
This describes the desire for a type of emotional relationship and emotional
closeness that the terms “platonic” or “romantic” don’t feel like they
accurately characterize.
It can also convey discomfort or de-identification with the word “romantic”
as a primary descriptor or focal point for different types of attraction.
 Types of Attraction
• Attachment
• Attachment refers to a type of bond or connection that’s often necessary or present in committed or long-term
relationships of any kind.
• Attachment can be a factor in relationships with:
• friends
• children
• parents
• caregivers
• family members
• loved ones
 Types of Attraction
• Intellectual
This type of attraction isn’t necessarily physical in nature and is rooted in a desire for connection due to someone’s 
intelligence.
• Love
This is a deep or passionate feeling of connection or affection that often involves an element of emotional attachment.
The meaning of love and things associated with love can vary from person to person, relationship to relationship, and
across cultures.
• Passion
This describes feelings of deep desire, intense emotion, or strong enthusiasm.
• Platonic
This is the nonsexual or nonromantic desire to be in a relationship with someone. Friendships, for example, are 
often platonic.
 Types of Attraction
• Protective
• This describes attraction toward those who require caretaking, such as a child, pet, or loved one.
• Social
• This describes those who are generally well-liked by the majority. A person who’s socially attractive
is typically also someone many people want to be around.
• Squish
• The desire for a strong, nonromantic relationship that often includes elements of emotional depth or 
intimacy.
• It’s considered the nonromantic version of a crush.
• Zucchini
• Also known as a queer platonic partner, zucchinis are people engaged in queerplatonic relationships.
RELATIONSHIP
• In the 21st century, good relationships are generally
marked by emotional and physical fairness, particularly
in the distribution of chores necessary to maintain a
household. Partners in strong relationships also feel
grateful for one another, openly provide and receive
affection, and engage in honest discussions about sex.
• Maintaining strong relationship requires constant care and
communication, and certain traits have been shown to be
especially important for fostering healthy relationships. Each
individual should, for starters, feel confident that their partner is
willing to devote time and attention to the other. They must
both also be committed to accommodating their differences,
even as those change over time.
 Types of Relationship
• Family relationships
• Friendships
• Acquaintances
• Romantic relationships
• Sexual relationships
• Work relationships
• Situational relationships (sometimes called “situationships)
LOVE AS HUMAN
EXPERIENCE
LOVE AS A CULTURE UNIVERSAL

• Love is a universal emotion experienced by a

majority of people, in various historical eras, and
in all the world’s cultures, but manifests itself in
different ways because culture has an impact on
people’s conceptions od love and the way they
feel, think, and behave in romantic relationships.
 LOVE AS AN EMOTION
• A mix emotions, behaviors, and beliefs associated with strong
feelings of affection, protectiveness, warmth, and respect for
another person.
• Love can also be used to apply to non-human animals, to
principles, an to religious beliefs. For example, a person might
say he or she love his or her dog, loves freedom, or loves God.
 LOVE AS AN NEUROBIOLOGICAL
EVENT
• Love is a complex neurobiological phenomenon, relying on trust, belief,
pleasure and reward activities within the brain, i.e., limbic processes.
These processes critically involve oxytocin, vasopressin, dopamine, and
serotonergic signaling.
• A broad basis of common signaling and beneficial neurobiological
features exists with connection to the love concept, thereby combining
psychological aspects related to maternal, romantic or sexual love and
attachment with other healthy activities or neurobiological states.
THEORIZING
LOVE
 THEORIZING LOVE
• PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW ON LOVE
• COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE
• TRIANGULAR MODEL OF LOVE
• ROMANTIC AND COMPANIONATE LOVE
• LOVE LANGUAGES
 PSYCHODYNAMIC VIEW
• Freud developed two psychoanalytic theories of love (Bergmann,
1988). One is the theory that love and sexuality are initially
combined when the child is sucking at his mother’s breast. The
finding of the love object is in the fact a refinding (Freud,
1905:222).
• Originating in the work of Sigmund Freud, the psychodynamic
perspective emphasizes unconscious psychological processes (for
example, wishes and fears of which were not fully aware), and
contends that childhood experiences are crucial in shaping adult
personality.
 COLOR WHEEL OF LOVE

• In his book the Colors of Love, psychologist

John Lee compared styles of love to the color
wheel. Just as there are three primary colors,
Lee suggested that there are three primary
styles of Love. There three styles of love are:
 THREE STYLES OF LOVE
• Eros- the term Eros stems from the Greek word meaning
“passionate” or “erotic”. Lee suggested that this type of love
involves both physical and emotional passion.
• Ludos- comes from the Greek word meaning “game”. This
form of love is conceived as playful and fun, but not necessarily
serious. Those who exhibit this form of love are not ready for
commitment and are wary of too much intimacy .
 THREE STYLES OF LOVE

• Storge- storge stems from the Greek term meaning

“natural affection”. This form of love is often
represented by familial love between parents and
children, siblings, and extended family members. This
type of love can also develop out of friendship where
people who share interests and commitments gradually
develop affection for one another.
 TRIANGULAR MODE OF LOVE
• Psychologists Robert Sternberg proposed a triangular theory suggesting that
there are three components of love.
-intimacy
-passion
-commitment
Different combinations of these three components result in different types of love.
For example, combining intimacy and commitment results in compassionate love,
while combining passion and intimacy leads to romantic love.
 TRIANGULAR MODE OF LOVE
• According to Stenberg, relationship built on two or more elements are more
enduring than those based on a single component. Stenberg uses the term
consummate love to describe combining intimacy, passion, and commitment.
While this type of love is the strongest and most enduring, Stenberg suggests
that this type of love is rare.
• The three secondary styles:
Mania (eros+ludos): obsessive love
Pragma (ludos+storge): realistic and practical love
Agape (eros+storge): selfless love
 ROMANTIC AND
COMPANIONATE LOVE
 ROMANTIC LOVE
• Romantic love is a form love that is often regarded as different from mere needs
driven by sexual desire, or lust. Romantic love generally involves mix of
emotional and sexual desire, as opposed to platonic love. There is often, initially
more emphasis on the emotions than on physical pleasure.
• Romantic love can be returned or unrequited. In the former case the mutual
expressions of love can lead to marriage or to establishment of a permanent
relationship, which in most cases will include passionate sexual love. Where the
love is one-sided (unrequited) damage to the esteem and/or the psychological
welfare of the spurned lover can result.
• Properties of romantic love purported by Western culture
that might or might not appear include:
-it must take you by surprise (the result of a random encounter).
-it cannot easily controlled.
-it is not overtly (initially at least) predicated on a desire for sex
as a physical act.
-if requited it may be the basis for a lifelong commitment.
-it is the highest form of self-fulfillment.
 COMPANIONATE LOVE
• Companionate love is a term for specific kind of relationship within on
framework for understanding how relationships work. A simple companionate
love definition is a relationship between two people, usually a romantic couple,
that is based on care, affection, and a commitment to one another.
• In companionate relationships, people typically do not feel sexual passion for one
another, though they might have in the earlier days of their relationship.
 COMPANIONATE LOVE
• Companionate love is durable and it takes a long time to develop, so it is
something that is often associated with older couples who have been together
for a long time. While the spark of attraction might have faded, the
relationship still has intimacy and a mutual desire to be there for one another.
• Companionate love can last for a very long time and those who experience it
care deeply about there partners. Not all romantic couples who stay together
for many years end up feeling companionate love; there is no guarantee that
passion and desire will disappear with age, though there does seem to be a
trend in that direction.
EXAMPLE OF COMPANIONATE LOVE

• A common example of companionate love is two

people who share affection and commitment after many
years of marriage, though they no longer have passion
for each other. Sometimes, close friends who have
known each other for many years share companionate
love.
 LOVE LANGUAGES

• Words of affirmation
• Quality time
• Physical touch
• Acts of service
• Receiving gifts
 Words of Affirmation

• Words of Affirmation- is about expressing affection through

spoken words, praise, or appreciation. When this is
someone’s primary love language, they enjoy kind words
and encouragement as well as uplifting quotes, love notes,
and cute text messages. You can make this person’s day by
complimenting them or pointing out what they do well.
 Quality time
• Love and affection are expressed for someone with this love language
through undivided attention. This person feels loved if you are present and
focused on them. This means putting down the cellphone, turning off the
tablet, making eye contact, and actively listening. Affirm what the other
person is saying and refrain from offering advice.
 Physical touch
• A person with physical touch as their primary love languages
feels loved through physical affection. Aside from sex, they feel
loved when their partner holds their hand, touches their arm, or
gives them a massage at the end of the day, for example. This
person’s idea of a perfect date might include cuddling on the
couch with a glass of wine and a good movie. They simply
want to be close to their partner physically.
 Acts of Service
• For acts of service, a person feels love and appreciated when someone
does nice things for them, such as:
-helping with the dishes
-running errands
-vacuuming
-putting gas in the car
They love when people do little things for them and often can be found
doing these acts of service for others.
 Receiving Gifts
• Gift-giving is symbolic of love and affection for someone with this love
language. They treasure not only the gift itself but also the time and effort
the gift-giver put into it.
• People with receiving gifts as their primary love language also do not
necessarily expect large or expensive gifts: its more what is behind the gift
that appeals to them.
• In other words, when you take time to pick out a gift specifically for them,
it tells them you really know them. People with this love language can
often remember every little gift they have received from their loved ones
because it makes such an impact on them
Identify your Love Language
• If or when you’re in a relationship, do you feel more loved when your
partner:
-tells you, “I love you”, or praises something you did?.
-surprises you with meaningful gift?.
-goes a trip with just you?.
-runs errand or does the laundry?.
-holds you hand while you’re walking?.
LOVE AND INTIMATE
RELATIONSHIPS
 LOVE AND INTIMATE
RELATIONSHIPS
• ACQUINTANCE
• BUILDUP
• CONSOLIDATION AND CONTINUATION
• ENDING/TERMINATION
 ACQUINTANCE

• Becoming acquainted depends on previous

relationships, physical proximity, first impressions, and
a variety of other factors. If two people begin to like
each other, continued interactions may lead may lead to
the next stage, but acquaintance can continue
indefinitely. Another example is association.
 BUILDUP

• During this stage, people begin to trust and care

about each other. The need for intimacy,
compatibility, and such filtering agents as
common background and goals will influence
whether or not interaction continues.
 CONSOLIDATION AND
CONTINUATION
• This stage follows a mutual commitment to strong and
close long-term friendships, romantic relationship, or
even marriage. It is generally a long, relatively stable
period. Nevertheless, continued growth and
development will occur during this time. Mutual trust is
important for sustaining the relationships.
 ENDING/TERMINATION

• The final stage marks the end of the

relationship, either by breakup, death, or
spatial separation and severing all existing
ties either of either friendship or romantic
love.
 REFERENCES
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15990719/#:~:text=Abstract,%2C%20do
pamine%2C%20and20%serotonergic%20signaling
.
• https://www.verywellmind.com/theories-of-love-2795341
• https://psichologyanswers.com/library/lecture/read/77337-what-is-psycho
dynamicview-on-love
• https://courses.lumenlearning.com/atd-hostos-child-development-educatio
n/chapter/relationships-and-families-in-adulthood/
• https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-love-2795343