Solution Is A Homogeneous Mixture of Two or More Substances. Ex. Sugar + Water Sugar Solution Salt in Water Salt Solution

CHAPTER 2
SOLUTION
Is a homogeneous mixture of
two or more substances.
Ex. sugar + water= sugar solution

salt in water= salt solution
Components of a solution:
1. Solute – the substance that is being

dissolved
- component in a smaller amount
Ex. Sugar
2. Solvent- the substance that does the

dissolving
- component in greater amount.
Ex. water
Types of solution based on the phases
of the solute & solvent:
Solute Solvent Example
1. solid solid Cu in Au
2. liquid solid Hg in Cu
3. gas solid H in Pt
4. solid liquid sugar in water
5. liquid liquid alcohol in water
6. gas liquid oxygen in water
7. gas gas carbon dioxide in air
Identify the solute and the
solvent:
a. 10 g KCl dissolved in 100g of water
b. Soda water: CO2 (g) dissolved in water

c. An alloy composed of 80% Zn and 20% Cu
d. A mixture of O2 ( 200 mm Hg) and He
(500 mm Hg)
e. A solution of 40 ml CCl4 and 2 ml Br2

Type of solution based on its capacity to
dissolve a solute:
1. Unsaturated- contains the minimum amount of
solute present in a given amount of solvent at
room temperature.
2. Saturated- contains the maximum amount of solute

that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at
room temperature.
3. Supersaturated- contains the maximum amount of

solute than present in a given amount of solvent
at an elevated temperature.
Identify each of the following as a
saturated or unsaturated solution
1. A sugar cube dissolves when added to a cup of
coffee.
2. A KCl crystal added to a KCl solution does not
change in size.
3. A layer of sugar forms in the bottom of a glass of
ice tea.
4. The rate of crystal formation equals the rate of
solution.
5. Upon heating, all the sugar dissolves
Factors which affect solubility:
1. Nature of solute and solvent

2. Temperature
3. Agitation
4. Surface Area
5. Particle Size
6. Concentration
Water is polar and hexane is non-polar.
In which solvent is each of the
following soluble?
1. Bromine Br2 , non-polar ___________

2. HCl, polar ___________
3. Cholesterol, non-polar __________
4. Vit. D, non-polar __________
5. Ascorbic acid, polar ______________
Type of solution based on the degree
of ionization
1. Electrolyte
substance that break up into ions
when it goes into a solution.
a. strong electrolyte - (completely ionized)
Ex. NaOH
b. weak electrolyte - (partially ionized)
Ex. HCN
2. Non- electrolyte
substance that does not break up into
ions when it goes into solution.
Ex. Organic compound such as C12H22O11
Quantitative ways of expressing the
concentration of solution:
1. Percent by mass
mass of solute
% by mass = -------------------- x 100
mass of solution
Ex. Find the percentage by mass of K 2CO3 in a solution made

by dissolving 25.0 g of K 2CO3 in 100.0 g of water.
2. Percent by volume
volume of solute
% by volume = ----------------------- x100
volume of solution
Ex. Calculate the volume of pure acetic acid

that is needed to make 150.0 ml solution
which is 5.0% acetic acid by volume.
3. Mole fraction
moles of solute
Mole fraction of solute = ---------------------
moles of solution
moles of solvent
Mole fraction of solvent = --------------------
moles of solution
Ex. Calculate the mole fraction of the solute in a

solution containing 75.0 g of ethanol 450
g of water.
4. Molality
moles of solute
Molality (m) = ---------------------
kg of solvent
Ex. Calculate the molality of a solution

containing 75.0 g of ethanol and 450.0 g
of water.
5. Molarity
moles of solute
Molarity (M)=---------------------
L of solution
Ex. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.0

g of Na2CO3 in water to form 100.0 ml
of solution. Find the concentration of the
solution in molarity.
Osmosis
-the process whereby a solvent flows through a
semi-permeable membrane into a solution or the
flow of the solvent from a more dilute solution to
a more concentrated solution.
Osmotic pressure - the force causing the diffusion,

or the amount of pressure that is required to
stop the diffusion.

Solution Is A Homogeneous Mixture of Two or More Substances. Ex. Sugar + Water Sugar Solution Salt in Water Salt Solution

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Is A Homogeneous Mixture of Two or More Substances. Ex. Sugar + Water Sugar Solution Salt in Water Salt Solution

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Is A Homogeneous Mixture of Two or More Substances. Ex. Sugar + Water Sugar Solution Salt in Water Salt Solution

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CHAPTER 2

Ex. sugar + water= sugar solution

1. Solute – the substance that is being

2. Solvent- the substance that does the

b. Soda water: CO2 (g) dissolved in water

e. A solution of 40 ml CCl4 and 2 ml Br2

2. Saturated- contains the maximum amount of solute

3. Supersaturated- contains the maximum amount of

1. Nature of solute and solvent

1. Bromine Br2 , non-polar ___________

Ex. Find the percentage by mass of K 2CO3 in a solution made

Ex. Calculate the volume of pure acetic acid

Ex. Calculate the mole fraction of the solute in a

Ex. Calculate the molality of a solution

Ex. A solution is prepared by dissolving 5.0

Osmotic pressure - the force causing the diffusion,

You might also like