1 - Sustainable Tourism Development

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
LEARNING OUTCOMES
Define the sustainability, sustainable development, and

sustainable tourism development
Explain the principles of sustainable tourism
development and ;
Make a critique of sustainable tourism paradigm
BEFORE WE START……
 One person can make difference…..
 … and everyone should try…

 J.F. Kennedy
WILL YOU???
Youth are the most
important actors in
sustainable
development.
It’s about our future
SUSTAINABILITY
 Sustain means “to cause to continue (as an existence or certain state, or in force, or
intensity); to keep up, especially without interruption diminution, flagging, etc.; to
prolong” --- Webster’s New International Dictionary 1986);
 “improving the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of
supporting eco-systems” (The International Union for the Conservation of Nature –
The World Conservation Union, United Nations Environmental Programme, and the
World Wide Fund for Nature in Caring Capacity for the Earth 1991); and
 “the long-term, cultural, economic and environmental health and vitality with the
emphasis on long-term, ‘together with the importance if linking our social , financial,
and environment well – being”. (Sustainable Seattle n,d.)
In the class
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Is defined as “tourism that respects both local people and the
traveler, cultural heritage and the environment”.
It seeks to provide people with an exciting and educational
holiday that is also of to the benefit to the host country.
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
 According to UNWTO (1998) sustainable tourism as the management of

all resources in such a way that economic, social and aesthetic needs can
be fulfilled while maintaining the cultural integrity, essential ecological
processes, biological diversity, and life support systems.
 It is a tourism that takes full account of its current and future economic,
social, environment impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the
industry, the environment, and the host communities.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ???
The term “sustainable development” has become commonplace

in mainstream politics. However, not everyone is aware what
sustainable development truly means because there is no fixed
definition and politicians have used the term in various ways.
What do YOU think sustainable development is?

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 The Brundtland Commission (1987) “Sustainable development is
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
 The Philippine Agenda 21 (1996) defined sustainable development as the
“ harmonious integration of a sound and viable economy, responsible
governance, social cohesion and ecological integrity, to ensure that
development is a life-sustaining process
SUSTAINABLE AND ITS PRINCIPLE
FOR TOURISM TO BE SUSTAINABLE, IT IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE
FOLLOWING ELEMENTS TO BE PRESENT:
1. Informed participation of relevant stakeholders,

2. Strong political leadership to ensure wide participation and consensus building,
3. Constant monitoring of impacts and adoption of preventive or corrective measures
when necessary
4. Maintaining a high level of tourist satisfaction and providing meaningful experience
to the tourists, and
5. Raising the tourists’ awareness about sustainability issues and sustainable practices.
THE 1995 WORLD CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM HELD IN
LANZAROTE, CANARY ISLANDS, SPAIN, SPELLED OUT THE PRINCIPLES OF
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AS FOLLOWS;
 Ecologically bearable, economically viable, and ethically and socially equitable for
local communities;
 Guarantees the sustainability of the resources on which it depends;
 Respect the fragile balances that characterize many tourist destinations, in particular
small islands and environmentally sensitive areas;
 Considers its effects on the cultural heritage and traditional elements, activities, and
dynamics of each local community;
 Supports solidarity, mutual respect, and participation of public and private entities at
the local, national, regional, and international levels;
 Supports cultural, technological, and professional innovation; and integrated planning

and management approach;
 Adopts quality criteria for the preservation of the tourist destination, and the
satisfaction of tourists, a determined jointly with the local communities;
 Is fully integrated into and contributes positively to the local economic development;
 Helps improve the quality of life of all people, and enriches the socio-cultural life of
each destination;
 Permits a more equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of tourism;
 Protects environmentally and culturally vulnerable spaces from high impact tourism models;
 Promotes alternative and diversified forms of tourism ;
 Promotes the creation of networks that will conduct research, and disseminate information,
and transfer knowledge on sustainable tourism technologies;
 Supports and promotes environmentally-compatible tourism management systems, feasibility
studies for the transformation of the sector, as well as the implementation of demonstration
projects and the development of international cooperation programs; and
 Calls for the adoption and implementation of codes of conduct that creates responsible
tourism behavior.
 According to the UNWTO, any form of tourism may be made sustainable by applying the
aforementioned guidelines.
1996 UN PUBLISHES A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF INDICATORS OF
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
The core indicators and their specific

measurements are:
Site protection Category of site protection according to IUCN
Stress Tourist numbers visiting site (per annum / peak

month)
Use intensity Intensity of use in peak period (person / hectare)
Social impact Ratio of tourists to locals (peak period)
Development control Existence of environmental review procedure for

formal controls over development of site and use
density
1996 UN PUBLISHES A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF INDICATORS OF
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
The core indicators and their specific

measurements are:
Waste management Percentage of sewage from site receiving treatment

(additional indicators may include structural limits
of the other infrastructural capacity on site, such as
water supply)
Planning process Existence of organized regional plan for tourist
destination region (including tourism component)
Critical ecosystems Number of rare / endangered species
Consumer satisfaction Level of satisfaction by visitors (questionnaire-
based)
Local satisfaction Level of satisfaction by locals (questionnaire-based)
UNWTO (2002)
TOURISM AND SUSTAINABILITY
PARADIGM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Tourism development in the Philippines has been evolving in
the past forty years.
In 1970s, the focus had been on undifferentiated mass tourism.
The main strategy was to boost tourist arrivals in order to
maximize tourism revenues for both the government and private
business. .
 In recent years, sustainable development principles have been embodies in a
landmark legislation. In the Tourism Act of 2009, (RA 9593, the [State] declares
 … tourism as an indispensable element of the national economy and an industry of
national interest and importance, which must be harnessed as an engine of socio-
economic growth and cultural affirmation to generate investment, foreign exchange
and employment, and to continue to mold an enhance sense of national pride for all
Filipinos (Chapter 1, Section 2).
 To achieve the above goals, the State recognized “sustainable tourism development
as an integral to the national socio0economic development efforts to improve the
quality of life of the Filipino people…, promote… tourism… that is ecologically
viable, and ethically and socially equitable for local communities.”
The National Tourism Development Plan of 2017-2022 includes
action plans, such as provision of water treatment, and solid
waste management; safeguarding natural and cultural heritage,
and vulnerable groups; and adopting a participatory policy-
making process.
CONNELLY’S VENN DIAGRAM
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Differentiate sustainable development from sustainable tourism

development. Can tourism be sustainable and yet not lead to
sustainable development?
In pursuit of sustainable tourism development, sometimes, the
environmental aspect is given more emphasis relative to the
economic and social concerns. Is this a concern?
ACTIVITY
Visit a national park closes to your place of

residence. Compare your observation to the
list of sustainable development indicators. Is
the development at the park sustainable?

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Define the sustainability, sustainable development, and

 … and everyone should try…

 According to UNWTO (1998) sustainable tourism as the management of

The term “sustainable development” has become commonplace

What do YOU think sustainable development is?

1. Informed participation of relevant stakeholders,

 Supports cultural, technological, and professional innovation; and integrated planning

The core indicators and their specific

Site protection Category of site protection according to IUCN

Stress Tourist numbers visiting site (per annum / peak

Social impact Ratio of tourists to locals (peak period)

Development control Existence of environmental review procedure for

The core indicators and their specific

Waste management Percentage of sewage from site receiving treatment

Differentiate sustainable development from sustainable tourism

Visit a national park closes to your place of

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