Thermal Energy and Heat - 3

Big Idea: Energy exits in different forms and can
change from one form to another, but energy is

always conserved.
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Thermal Energy and Heat

Essential Question: What is the relationship
between heat and temperature?
1
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Unit 2 Lesson 3 Thermal Energy and Heat p124
Thermal, Under Where?

What is thermal energy?
• Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all
particles in a substance.
• Thermal energy is measured in joules (J).
2
What is the difference between thermal energy and

temperature?
• Temperature is related to the average kinetic

energy of particles.
• Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all

the particles.
• For example, a glass of water can have the same

temperature as a lake, but the lake has much
more thermal energy because the lake contains
many more water molecules.
5) Temperature and total amount of particles

determine the thermal energy of a substance.
p125
Which has more thermal

energy?
Bowl of Soup Small balloon Tiger
Pot of Soup Large balloon House cat
4
Heat It Up!
What is heat?
• Heat is the energy
transferred from an
object at a higher
temperature to an
object at a lower
temperature.
• Energy in the form of

heat always flows from
hot to cold.
5
p126
Draw an arrow in the direction in which energy
in the form of heat would flow.
7) Object 1 Direction of Object 2

heat flow
Metal rod Fire
Hat Snowman
Ice cube Glass of warm

water
8) Energy as heat is flowing from the

Previous
slide girls’ warm bodies to the cold air
6
How is heat measured? Heat It Up!

• Heat is measured in two ways.
• One way is the calorie (cal)
• One calorie is equal to the amount of energy needed to raise
the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C.
• Heat is also measured in joules (J) because heat is a form of
energy.
• One calorie is equal to 4.18 joules.
7
How is heat measured?

• In nutrition, 1 Calorie (with a
capital C) is actually 1
kilocalorie, or 1,000 calories.
• To find out how many calories

are in food, a sample of food
is burned inside an
instrument called a
calorimeter.
• The change in temperature in

the calorimeter is used to
calculate how much energy is
released from the food
sample.
8
How is heat related to thermal energy?

• Adding or removing heat from a substance will affect its
temperature and thermal energy.
• Heat, however, is not the same as thermal energy and
temperature.
• Thermal energy and temperature are physical properties of a
substance. Heat is the energy involved when these properties
change.
• Even though two materials might have the same temperature,
their thermal energies might be different.
• Thermal energy depends on how many particles are present in
the object.
9) Energy as heat will be transferred from the warmer

object to the cooler object until both objects are at the
same temperature 9
Ad
re ding
ca mov or
tem n ch ing
p ang hea
et t
he
Energy moves from an area Measured in 10

of hot to an area of less hot calorie or Joule
How can heat affect the state of an object?
• The state of a substance depends on the speed of

its particles.
• Adding energy in the form of heat to a substance

can result in a change of state.
• Removing energy in the form of heat from a

substance can also result in a change of state.
11) Add energy in the form of heat or

subtract energy in the form of heat.
11
Energy as heat can be transferred in three main
ways:
12
Keep Your Cool

What is conduction?
• Conduction is the transfer of energy as heat from one
substance to another through direct contact.
• As long as two objects are in contact, conduction

continues until the temperatures of the objects are equal.
13
What is conduction?
• A conductor is a • An insulator is a material
material that transfers that is a poor conductor of
heat very well. heat.
• Metals are typically good • Wood, paper, and plastic foam
conductors. are examples of good
insulators.
14
15
What is convection?
• Convection is the transfer of energy as heat by the
movement of a liquid or gas. (FLUID)
• Convection occurs when a cooler, denser mass of
gas or liquid replaces a warmer, less dense mass of
gas or liquid by pushing it upward.
• When water is boiled, the water moves
in roughly circular patterns because of
convection.
• This motion is due to density
differences that result from
temperature differences.
• The motion is called a convection
current.
16
Convection
17
What is radiation?
• Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic
waves.
• Examples of EM waves: visible light, microwaves, infrared
light
• When radiation is emitted from one object and then
absorbed by another, the result is the transfer of heat.
• Radiation can travel through empty space.
18
p130
Pg 130 http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/
asset/lsps07_int_heattransfer/
#14
Example Conduction, convection or radiation
When you put some food

in the microwave, it gets
hot.
conduction
A heater on the first floor
of the school makes the
air on the second floor
warm 19
20
Simple Heat Engine
2) The spiral spins and eventually comes to a stop
and reverses the spin.
3) The thermal energy (heat) from the light bulb
transfers the energy to the air causing the air to
rise (convection current) through the spiral making
the spiral spin.
4) You could make the spiral spin faster by using
a higher wattage bulb.
5) Electrical energy  Thermal energy  kinetic
energy of the moving air (convection current) 
kinetic energy of the spiral  potential energy
stored up in the wound up string. 21
Simple Heat Engine
6) Thermal energy is kinetic energy of the
particles.
Temperature is the measurement of heat and
average kinetic energy of all the particles of an
object.
Heat is energy that is transferred from objects at a
higher temperature to objects at a lower
temperature.
Heat can change the temperature of an object.
7) Power plants, car engines uses heat to produce
motion. Car engines uses heat from the
22
combustion of fuel
23
Practical Uses of Radiation

• A solar cooker is a device that cooks food using mirrors that
concentrate radiation from the sun.
• In parts of the world that are far from electricity and clean
water, solar cookers are a cheap and portable way to
sterilize water for drinking.
• Many people like to use solar cookers because they do not
require any fuel and do not release harmful emissions.
24
Heat
is the transfer of
Thermal
energy
by
Conduction Convection Radiation
25

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Big Idea: Energy exits in different forms and can

change from one form to another, but energy is

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Thermal Energy and Heat

Thermal, Under Where?

• Thermal energy is measured in joules (J).

What is the difference between thermal energy and

• Temperature is related to the average kinetic

• Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all

• For example, a glass of water can have the same

5) Temperature and total amount of particles

Which has more thermal

Bowl of Soup Small balloon Tiger

Pot of Soup Large balloon House cat

• Energy in the form of

7) Object 1 Direction of Object 2

Ice cube Glass of warm

8) Energy as heat is flowing from the

How is heat measured? Heat It Up!

How is heat measured?

• To find out how many calories

• The change in temperature in

How is heat related to thermal energy?

9) Energy as heat will be transferred from the warmer

Energy moves from an area Measured in 10

How can heat affect the state of an object?

• The state of a substance depends on the speed of

• Adding energy in the form of heat to a substance

• Removing energy in the form of heat from a

11) Add energy in the form of heat or

Keep Your Cool

• As long as two objects are in contact, conduction

Example Conduction, convection or radiation

When you put some food

Practical Uses of Radiation

Conduction Convection Radiation

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