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    Contraceptive Methods

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    Ma. Lourdes Carbonilla
    There are several types of contraceptive methods that can be used for family planning. Hormonal methods like birth control pills and implants work by stopping ovulation, while barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms block sperm from reaching an egg. More permanent options include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and sterilization procedures. No single method is 100% effective at preventing pregnancy, so factors like safety, side effects, and individual needs should be considered when choosing a contraceptive.

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    Contraceptive Methods

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Lourdes Carbonilla
    94 views40 pages
    There are several types of contraceptive methods that can be used for family planning. Hormonal methods like birth control pills and implants work by stopping ovulation, while barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms block sperm from reaching an egg. More permanent options include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and sterilization procedures. No single method is 100% effective at preventing pregnancy, so factors like safety, side effects, and individual needs should be considered when choosing a contraceptive.

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    There are several types of contraceptive methods that can be used for family planning. Hormonal methods like birth control pills and implants work by stopping ovulation, while barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms block sperm from reaching an egg. More permanent options include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and sterilization procedures. No single method is 100% effective at preventing pregnancy, so factors like safety, side effects, and individual needs should be considered when choosing a contraceptive.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    94 views40 pages

    Contraceptive Methods

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Lourdes Carbonilla
    There are several types of contraceptive methods that can be used for family planning. Hormonal methods like birth control pills and implants work by stopping ovulation, while barrier methods like condoms and diaphragms block sperm from reaching an egg. More permanent options include intrauterine devices (IUDs) and sterilization procedures. No single method is 100% effective at preventing pregnancy, so factors like safety, side effects, and individual needs should be considered when choosing a contraceptive.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 40

    Contraceptive

    Methods
    Contraception
     There are many types of contraception widely used now days for
    family planning purposes.
     Each method has its advantages and suits special cases and not
    necessarily suits others and the choice of contraception depends
    on different needs of the patients like the period of contraception
    and also doctor should decide which method suits needs more.
     No method of contraception is completely effective.
     Types:-
    1. Natural contraception
    2. Mechanical contraception
    3. Hormonal contraception
    4. Surgical contraception
    Characteristics of ideal contraceptive:

     Safe
     100% effective
     Free of side effects
     Easily obtainable
     Affordable
     Acceptable to the user
     Free of effects on future pregnancies
    Types of Birth Control

     Hormonal
     Barrier
     IUD
     Methods based on information
     Permanent sterilization
    Types of Birth Control
    Types of Birth Control
    Hormonal Methods

     Oral Contraceptives
    (Birth Control Pill)
     Injections (Depo-Provera)
     Implants (Norplant I & II)
    Birth Control Pills
     Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy
     Pills are safe and effective when taken properly
     Pills are over 99% effective
    How does the pill work?
     Stops ovulation
     Thins uterine lining
     Thickens cervical mucus
    Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills

     Prevents pregnancy  Decreases incidence


     Eases
    menstrual of ovarian cysts
    cramps  Prevents ovarian and
     Shortens period uterine cancer
     Decreases acne
     Regulates period
    Side-effects

     Breast tenderness  Moodiness


     Nausea  Weight change
     Increase in headaches
    Taking the Pill

     Once a day at the same time everyday


     Use condoms for first month
     Use condoms when on antibiotics
     Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill or take one late
     The pill offers no protection from STD’s
    Depo-Provera
     Birth control shot given once every three months to prevent
    pregnancy
     99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
     No daily pills to remember
    How does the shot work?
     The same way as the Pill!
     Stops ovulation
     Stops menstrual cycles!!
     Thickens cervical mucus
    SIDE EFFECTS

     Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and


    spotting for 3-6 months!
     NO PERIOD  after 3-6 months
     Weight change
     Breast tenderness
     Mood change

    *NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!


    The Patch
    IMPLANTS

     Implants are placed in the body filled with hormone that prevents
    pregnancy
     Physically inserted in simple 15 minute outpatient procedure
     Plastic capsules the size of paper matchsticks inserted under the
    skin in the arm
     99.95% effectiveness rate
    BARRIER METHODS

     Spermicides
     Male Condom
     Female Condom
     Diaphragm
     Cervical Cap
    BARRIER METHOD

     Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and sperm from


    meeting
     Barrier
    methods have higher failure rates than hormonal
    methods due to design and human error
    SPERMICIDES
     Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina
     Different forms:
    -Jelly -Foam -Suppository
     Some work instantly, others require pre-insertion
     Only 76% effective (used alone), should be used in
    combination with another method i.e., condoms
    MALE CONDOM
     Most common and effective barrier method when used
    properly
     Latex should only be used in the prevention of pregnancy
    and spread of STI’s (including HIV)
    MALE CONDOM

     Typical effectiveness rate = 88%


     available
     Combining condoms with spermicides raises effectiveness levels
    to 99%
    FEMALE CONDOM

     Made as an alternative to male condoms


     Polyurethane
     Physically inserted in the vagina
     Typical rate = 79%
     Woman can use female condom if partner refuses
    The Female Condom

    The female condom is a lubricated polyurethane sheath, similar in appearance to a male condom. It is
    inserted into the vagina. The closed end covers the cervix. Like the male condom, it is intended for one-time
    use and then discarded.
    The sponge is inserted by the woman into the vagina and covers the cervix blocking sperm from entering the
    cervix. The sponge also contains a spermicide that kills sperm. It is available without a prescription.
    Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)
     95-99% Effective A new ring is inserted into
    the vagina each month
     Does not require a "fitting" by a health care
    provider, does not require spermicide, can
    make periods more regular and less painful, no
    pill to take daily, ability to become pregnant
    returns quickly when use is stopped.

    Nuva Ring is a flexible


    plastic (ethylene-vinyl
    acetate copolymer) ring that
    releases a low dose of a
    progestin and an estrogen
    over 3 weeks.
    DIAPRAGHM

     Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%


     Latex barrier placed inside vagina during intercourse
     Fitted by physician
     Spermicidal jelly before insertion
     Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourse and can be left in for a
    total of 24 hours
    DIAPHRAGM
    CERVICAL CAP

     Latex barrier inserted in vagina before intercourse


     “Caps” around cervix with suction
     Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
     Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
     Must be left in place six hours after sexual intercourse
     Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
     Typical effectiveness rate = 80%
    Cervical Cap

    The cervical cap is a flexible rubber cup-like device that is


    filled with spermicide and self-inserted over the cervix
    prior to intercourse. The device is left in place several
    hours after intercourse. The cap is a prescribed device
    fitted by a health care professional and can be more
    expensive than other barrier methods, such as condoms.
    Sponge

    The sponge is inserted by the woman into the vagina and covers the
    cervix blocking sperm from entering the cervix. The sponge also
    contains a spermicide that kills sperm. It is available without a
    prescription
    INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
     T-shaped object placed in the
    uterus to prevent pregnancy
     Must be on period during
    insertion
     A Natural childbirth required to
    use
    IUD
     Extremely effective without using
    hormones > 97 %

    The intrauterine device (IUD) shown uses copper as the active contraceptive,
    others use progesterone in a plastic device. IUDs are very effective at preventing
    pregnancy (less than 2% chance per year for the progesterone IUD, less than 1%
    chance per year for the copper IUD). IUDs come with increased risk of ectopic
    pregnancy and perforation of the uterus and do not protect against sexually
    transmitted disease. IUDs are prescribed and placed by health care providers.
    INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUD)
     T-shaped object placed in the uterus to prevent
    pregnancy
     Must be on period during insertion
     Extremely effective without using hormones >
    97 %
    Copper T vs.. Progestasert

     10 years  1 year
     99.2 % effective  98% effective
     Copper on IUD acts as
     T shaped plastic that
    spermicide, IUD blocks releases hormones over
    a one year time frame
    egg from implanting
     Thickens mucus,
    blocking egg
    STERILIZATION

     Procedure performed on a man or a woman permanently sterilizes


     Female = Tubal Ligation
     Male = Vasectomy
    TUBAL LIGATION
     Surgical procedure performed on a woman
     Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized, prevents eggs from
    reaching sperm
     Failure rates vary by procedure, from 0.8%-3.7%
     May experience heavier periods

    Surgical sterilization which


    permanently prevents the
    transport of the egg to the uterus
    by means of sealing the fallopian
    tubes is called tubal ligation,
    commonly called "having one's
    tubes tied." This operation can be
    performed laparoscopically or in
    conjunction with a Cesarean
    section, after the baby is delivered.
    Tubal ligation is considered
    permanent, but surgical reversal

    can be performed in some cases


    LAPAROSCOPY-’BAND-AID’
    STERILIZATION
    VASECTOMY

     Male sterilization procedure


     Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
     Faster and easier recovery than a tubal ligation
     Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than female sterilization
    During a vasectomy (“cutting the vas”) a urologist cuts and ligates (ties off) the
    ductus deferens. Sperm are still produced but cannot exit the body. Sperm
    eventually deteriorate and are phagocytized. A man is sterile, but because
    testosterone is still produced he retains his sex drive and secondary sex
    characteristics.
    METHODS BASED ON INFORMATION

     Withdrawal
     Natural Family Planning
     Fertility Awareness Method
     Abstinence
    Natural Family Planning & Fertility
    Awareness Method
     Women take a class on the menstrual cycle to calculate
    more fertile times
     NFP abstains from sex during the calculated fertile
    time
     FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time
     Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
     Typical effectiveness rate = 75%
     No 100% safe day-irregular periods

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