SECONDARY EDUCATION IN

PAKISTAN

Unit 7
Secondary Education
Corse Code: 8624

PRESENTED BY

AMANA ZAHID
M.PHIL, M.ED
 OBJECTIVES OF THE UNIT
3

After reading this unit, the students will be able to:

1. Explain the nature of secondary education.
2. Describe and identify the national aims of education.
3. Identify the targets and achievements of Sixth-Five Year Plan (1983–
1988).
4. Get the understanding of Perspective Plan (1988–2003).
5. Identify the targets and achievements of Seventh Five-Year Plan
(1988–93).
6. Identify the Eighth Five-Year Plan (1993–98).
7. Identify the targets and achievements described in Economic Surveys,
1996-97 & 1997-98.
8. Identify the aims and objectives of National Education Policy (1998–
2010) at secondary level.
9. The National Education Policy (2009) at secondary level.
SECONDARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN
4

In determining the effectiveness of a national

system of education, secondary education is
recognized as an important stage.
Developed countries such as United State, China
and many of the European countries are
concentrating all their attention on and research in
exploring better solutions to the over-increasing
problems faced by young people at secondary level.
The skilled manpower of the nation is trained
before the end of their high school years.
 AIMS OF EDUCATION
5

Conservation of Culture
Good Citizenship
Providing Knowledge
Personality Development
Social Efficiency
Vocational Skill
Progressive
 FUNCTION OF EDUCATION
6

Preservation of Culture
Transfer of Culture
Reconstruction of Culture
Fulfillment of Individual Needs
SECONDARY EDUCATION- Its Dual Nature
7

It generally serves a dual purpose as a

“terminal stage for a large number of students and as
a preparatory stage for higher education for others”
1. It provides middle-level skilled workers
2. It serves mainly as a preparation for higher education
For this nature of secondary stage, the courses &
curricula cater to these dual requirements

.
 NATURE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
8

1. Shift to Scientific, Technical and Vocational

Education
2. Science and Mathematics
3. Equitable Development
4. National Training Scheme
5. Future Plan Targets
1. Shift to Scientific, Technical and Vocational Education:
Emphasis into achieve a ratio of 40:60 between the general streams on
the one hand and the science, technical and vocational streams on the
other.
2. Science & Mathematics: Teaching of science & mathematics, an
essential part of all form of SM must improve through necessary changes
in curricula, adequate laboratories & improving teaching methodologies.
3. Equitable Development: To maintain a minimum standard of
facilities and teaching staff in all schools, the emphasis is on equitable
development of all Secondary School according to a well-designed plan.
4. National Training Scheme: Students who don't go into SE or drop
out from schools, non-formal avenues of training provided as part or full-
time vocational training for acquiring various employable skills
5. Future Plan Targets: During future plan periods additional facilities
of SE (IX-X) be created for increasing enrollment. Mainly in fields of
science, technical education, agriculture, service trades & home
economics.

9
 EDUCATION POLICIES IN PAKISTAN
10

National Educational Conference 1947

National Educational Commission (Shrif Commission) 1959
Commission on Students Problems and Welfare 1966
National Educational Policy 1970 (26 March 1970)
New National Educational Policy 1972-80
National Educational Policy 1979
Prime Ministers’ Program 1986-90
National Educational Policy 1992-2002
National Educational Policy 1998-2010
National Educational Policy 2009
DEVELOPMENT PLAN OF EDUCATION
IN PAKISTAN
11

 National Plan of Educational Development 1951-57

 Five Year Plans
 First Five-Year Plans (1955-1960)
 Second Five-Year Plans (1960-1965)

 Third Five-Year Plans (1965-1970)

• Fourth Five-Year Plans (1973-1978)

 Fifth Five-Year Plans (1978-1983)

 Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88)

 Seventh Five-Year Plan (1988-93)

 Eighth Five Year Plan (1993-98)

 Ninth Five Year Plan (1998-2003)

• Education Sector Reforms Program (2003-2008)

 Tenth Five Year Plan(2008-2013)

 Eleventh Five Year Plan (2013-2018)

 Twelfth Five Year Plan (2018-2023)

 New Deals in Education (2018-2023)

 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE 1947
12

Quaid-e-Azam Message
 “There is no doubt that the future of our State will and must
greatly depend upon the type of education we give to our
children, and the way in which we bring them up as future
citizens of Pakistan ….. We should not forget that we have
to compete with the world which is moving very fast in this
direction.”
 First NEC was held at Karachi from 27th November to 1st
December 1947
 Fazal ur Rehman chaired it and read out the massage of
QUAID-E-AZAM
 No of Delegations attend the conference were 48
 NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE 1947
13

Sub-Committees
1. Scientific Research and Technical Education Committee
2. Adult Education Committee
3. University Education Committee
4. Primary and Secondary Education Committee
5. University Education and Primary and Secondary Education
6. Women’s Education Committee
7. Committee for scheduled caste and backward classes education
8. Cultural Relations Committee
9. Joint meeting of the committees on the university education,
scientific research and technical education and cultural contacts
10. Joint meeting of the committees on University Education,
Women’s Education and Primary and Secondary Education
 NATIONAL EDUCATION COMMISSION 1959
14

 Commission appointed by a resolution on the 30th December, 1958

 Commission was inaugurated by the President of Pakistan, General
Mohammad Ayub Khan, on January 5, 1959
 Members of the Commission was eight
 S M Sharif was the chairman of the Commission
NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY 1979
15

National Aims
of Education and their
Realization
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
16

 Salient features of National Education Policy were

announced, by the Minister for Education in October 1978
 The policy was presented to the Cabinet in December, 1978
 The Policy was announced in February 1979
 Education in The Policy presented a 9-point statement of
"National Aims of Education" and a 12-point
Implementation Strategy
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(National Aims
17
of Education)

1. Quranic and Islamic Principles: Integral part of Curricula

1. Universal Primary Education (UPE)
2. Education according to basic learning needs of children

2. Right of Education and availability of schools for boys and girls

3. Diversification for supply oriented to demand oriented system
4. Focus on Technical, Professional and Specialization Education
5. Teacher Education Programs for pre service and in service
teachers
6. Use of Information Technology
7. Encouragement of Private sector to enroll poor students
8. Monitoring and Evaluation at the lower and higher levels
9. Higher Education: Teaching, learning and Research according
to International Standards
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Implementation
18
Strategy)

The Implementation Programme was ambitious and proposed to:

1. achieve universal Class-I enrolment of boys by 1987 and of girls by 1992
2. eliminate wastage to achieve 60 percent retention rate by 1983 and 100 percent
thereafter
3. reconstruct/improve 17,000 existing primary schools
4. open 13,000 new primary schools, mainly in rural areas
5. establish 5000 mosque schools for boys
6. provide equipment to 12,000 existing schools
7. supply text-books to all students at the primary level
8. supply at least one teaching kit to all existing and new schools
9. experiment with different mixes of inputs to determine direction for large scale
investment in primary education
10. carry out a nation-wide school mapping exercise to evolve a process of school
location planning
11. undertake a nation-wide survey to determine repair needs of existing primary
schools and launch a programme of repairs
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Features)
19

Masjid Schools (5000)

Mohallah Schools (5000 for girls)
Village Workshop Schools (1000 for “mother
trades like carpentry, masonry and agriculture”)
Women Education (Separate Women University)
Establishment of Private Institutions
Religious Education (Arabic compulsory till 8th)
Special Education
Medium of Instruction (Urdu language as a
medium of instruction)
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Initiatives in Education
20
and Literacy )
The 1980s was a decade of a series of initiatives in the
field of education and literacy
1. Literacy and Mass Education Commission
(LAMEC) 1981
2. The 10-point education programme 1983
1. An annual drive every summer for literacy and mass education be
institutionalize
2. "Yassarnal Quran“ compulsory for University Degrees
3. Arms Licenses, Driving Licenses, and permits for Literate People
4. Reading the Quran Zazra
5. The media, the radio and the T.V. provide service of education
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Recommendations)
21

Opening of 2000 New High Schools

1000 Middle up-gradation into Secondary
Secondary Education for Productive
activities
 New Subject added in curriculum
Secondary Education (From Class Nine to
Second Year)
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Impact)
22

 Clear Foundation of Education

 University Grant Commission
 Islamic Madrasa
 Urdu Language
 Teacher Welfare
NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1979
(Achievements)
23

 Medium of Instruction (Urdu language and in

private schools English as a medium of instruction)
 The policy of nationalization was reversed.
 The private sector was encouraged to open schools.
 The funding of universities was made through the
Federal government
 SIXTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1983–1988)
(Major Components)
24

1. Utilization of Mosques: (Classes I to III)

2. Provision of School Buildings (Classes IV-V)
3. Construction of Sheds/Buildings in Urban areas
4. Introduction of Mixed Enrolment in Classes I to III
5. Provision of Separate Girls Schools if mixed enrolment
impossible
6. Provision of Two Teachers(Mosque school) including the
Imam, and one teacher each for class IV and V in all schools
7. Two teachers for all five classes
8. Separate implementation agency for primary education at
Federal, Provincial and subsequent levels.
 NATIONAL LITERACY PLAN 1984-86
25

 The plan envisaged opening over 25,000 literacy centres,

which were to be implemented federally by LAMEC with
assistance from the Provincial Literacy Council concerned
1. Afternoon School projects.
2. Iqra Projects
3. Razakar Muallim Projects
4. Mosque Literacy Centres
5. NGOs Volunteer Literacy Corps Projects
6. Sipah-e-Idrees Projects (ex-soldiers and Janbaz Force)
7. Social Welfare Agencies Literacy Projects
8. Literacy Village Projects
9. Azafi Literacy Centres Projects
 LITERACY PROGRAMS
26

 Drop-in schools 1986-89

 Nationwide Literacy Programme 1986-90
 Nai Roshni Schools 1986-90
 SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1988–1993)
(Objectives)
27

Broaden the resource base for education.

Universalize access to primary education
Improve training and vocational training facilities
Improve the quality of education at all levels and in
particular of university education.
 SEVENTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1988–1993)
(Achievements 1988-89 )
28

Up gradation of 635 Middle Schools to High Level

100% achieved
Establishment of New 15 out of 18 High Schools
83% achieved
Consolidation of 401 Middle High Schools 100%
achieved
Addition of 116 classes XI-XII in High Schools
100% achieved
 EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1993–1998)
(Major Aspects)
29

Universal access Primary Education (boys and girls )

Legislation for compulsory Primary Schooling
Quality improvement of Technical and Vocational
Education
Removing Gender and Rural-Urban imbalances
Reforming the Management and Financing of the
Universities
Quality improvement of Physical infrastructures,
curricula, textbook, teacher training programs and
examination system.
 EIGHTH FIVE YEAR PLAN (1993–1998)
(Achievements 1993-94)
30

Addition of 52 class XI-XII in High Schools

Establishment of 3 New High Schools
Reconstruction of Buildings of 699 Middle
Schools and High Schools
Consolidation of 145 Existing Secondary Schools
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (1998–2010)
(Conceptual Framework)
31

Importance of Students’ Personality Development

Preparation for Higher Education
Female access to Secondary Education
Academic and Professional improvement of
Teachers
Balance between Science and Humanities Teachers
Removing differences of Staff and Budget
Integrating of Technical and Vocational Education
NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY 1992
32

National Aims
of Education and its Key
Elements
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1992
(Aims, Goals33& Objectives)
1. Promote Islamic values through education
2. Improvement in women education
3. Range of general and technical education at secondary
levels
4. Demand oriented curriculum
5. Extended span graduation and post graduation
6. Use of A V aids promoting private sector to participate in
enhancement of literacy
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY 1992
(Key Elements
34
)
opening non-formal education to non-governmental
organizations
achieving 100% literacy in selected districts;
setting up model schools (male and female) in rural
areas
introducing compulsory social service for students
using general schools as technical schools in the
evening shift to capture the drop-outs of general
education
NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY 1998
35

Aims and Objectives

 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (1998–2010)
(Aims and Objectives)
36

To endeavor , as respects the Muslims of Pakistan

To make the teachings of the Holy Quran and Islamiat
compulsory
To encourage and facilitate the learning of Arabic languages
To promote unity and Islamic moral standards
Remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory
secondary education
To discourage parochial, racial, tribal, sectarian, and
provincial prejudices among the citizens.
To ensure full participation of women in all spheres of
national life.
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (1998–2010)
(Aims and Objectives)
37

Education: Powerful agent for mental, physical,

ideological, and moral training of individuals
Compulsory Islamic Education, unity and Islamic
moral standards
Basic Necessities of life, like food, clothing,
housing, education, and medical relief, for all such
citizens
Education, training, agricultural, and industrial
development and other methods for all.
Reduce Difference in the income and earnings
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (1998–2010)
(Aims and Objectives)
38

Preparation for world through Professional and

Specialized Education
Personality Development of student and Loyalty
for country
Ensure Schooling for all boys and girls
Quality Education
Evaluation on Conceptual basis and discourage
Rote memorization
NATIONAL EDUCATION
POLICY 2009
39

Contents and Secondary

Education
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (2009)
(Contents)
40

 CHAPTER 1: National Education Policy: Overarching Challenges

& Deficiencies: Their Causes And The Way Forward
 CHAPTER 2: Filling The Commitment Gap: System Values,
Priorities And Resources
 CHAPTER 3: Filling The Implementation Gap: Ensuring Good
Governance
 CHAPTER 4: Islamic Education
 CHAPTER 5: Broadening The Base And Achieving Access
 CHAPTER 6: Raising The Quality Of Education
 CHAPTER 7: Strengthening Skill Development And Innovation
 CHAPTER 8: Higher Education
 CHAPTER 9: Implementation Framework
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (2009)
(Secondary Education)
41
 CHAPTER 5: Broadening The Base And Achieving Access
• Early Childhood Education (ECE)
• Elementary Education
• Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
• Literacy and Non-Formal Learning
• Education in Emergencies
 CHAPTER 6: Raising The Quality Of Education
• Improving Teacher Quality
• Curriculum Reform
• Quality in Textbooks and Learning Materials
• Improving Student Assessment
• Attaining Standards in the Learning
Environment
• Matching with the Labour Market
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (2009)
(Policy Actions)
42
Secondary Education
 Provision shall be expanded, to rural areas and of schools
dedicated for girls. Priority shall be given to those locations
where the ratio of secondary schools is low.
 Student support shall be increased to prevent students
from dropping out of school for financial reasons.
 Schools shall introduce more student-centered pedagogies.
 Counselling facilities shall be made available to students
from the elementary level onwards in order to
constructively utilize their energy, to deal with any displays
of aggression amongst young students and to address any
other psychological distress that a student may be in, by
suggesting a suitable remedy
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (2009)
(Policy Actions)
43
Secondary Education
 Life Skills-Based Education (LSBE) shall be promoted.
 Sports activities shall be organized at the Secondary and
Higher Secondary Levels.
 Counselling at higher secondary level must also address
the career concerns of young students and encourage them
to take up studies as per their aptitude other than the
“accepted” fields of study, be it technical, vocational or any
other area of study
 Schooling shall also be made more attractive by adding
community service programmes.
 NATIONAL EDUCATION POLICY (2009)
(Policy Actions)
44
Secondary Education
 To merge Grades XI and XII into existing secondary
schools
 A system for ranking of primary and secondary educational
institutions shall be introduced with rankings based on
result outcomes, extracurricular activities and facilities
provided to the students, in order to encourage healthy
competition between schools.
 To create an order for excellence in the country, a
“National Merit Programme” shall be introduced to award
bright students
45