Educational Policies

of Pakistan: A Brief History

 Contents 2

1 • All Pakistan Education Conference, 1947

2 • Commission on National Education, 1959
3 • New Education Policy, 1970
4 • National Education Policy, 1972
5 • National Education Policy, 1978
6 • National Education Policy, 1992
7 • National Education Policy, 1998
8 • National Education Policy, 2009
First Education Conference 1947 3
 Duration: 27 Nov-01 Dec, 1947
 Location: Karachi
 Chaired by: Mr. Fazl-ur-Rehman
(Minister of Interior, Information,
Broadcasting and Education)
 Quaid’s Message 4

 A system of education inspired by the Culture

 Ideological Aspirations of the people
 Regard to the Modern Conditions around the world
 Dimensions of Education 5

DIMENSIONS
OF
EDUCATION

SPIRITUAL SOCIAL VOCATIONAL

Proposed Committees by Conference 6

The Primary and

Primary and Secondary Education
Scientific
Secondary Committee “considered it
Research
Education Committee essential that a national
Committee system of education
Adult Technical should be based on the
Education University strong foundations of free
Education Education
Committee Committee and compulsory primary
Committee education.”
Women’s Cultural Separate pre-primary
Education Relations and primary education
Committee Committee stages for children of
ages 3 to 6 and 6 to 11.
 Discussion of Conference 7

 Integration of moral, social and  Technical and Vocational Education

vocational elements in system  Education for Women
of education
 Establishment of Advisory Board of
 Compulsory Primary Education
Education  Establishment of Inter-Universal
 Compulsory Physical Board
Education  Promotion of Scientific Research
 Compulsory Military Training in  Establishment of Overseas Scholarship
Colleges Schemes
 Training of Citizenship  The problem of Medium of Instruction
 The Problem of Literacy
Recommendations 8

Education should be teamed with Islamic

values

Free and Compulsory Education in

Pakistan

Emphasis on Science and

Technical Education
Commission on National Education 1959 9

 Inaugurated & Addressed: President Mohammad Ayub Khan-Jan 05, 1959.

 Sharif Commission, attached with the Secretary of Education, Syed
Mohammad
Sharif (S.M.Sharif)
 Report: Comprehensive report to the government after one year in 1960
 Features of Recommendations 10

1. Character Building

2. Compulsory Primary Education: Duration, Objectives, Schools

3. Separate Administration for East & West Pakistan

4. Secondary Education: Duration, Curriculum, Teacher Training

5. Focus on Science and Technical education

6. National Language as Medium of Instruction.

7. Three-year Degree Program

8. Higher Education: Rule Regulations, Admission, Exams etc. 11

9.Community Participation for building, furniture, Libraries, Playground

in Primary Schools

10.Examination system should be combination of internal

(25%) and external (75%) evaluation-Marks

11. Religious education should be introduced in three stage

i.e.

Stage 1: Compulsory at Middles Level

Stage 2: Optional at Secondary Level

 New Education Policy 1970 12

 Announcement by the
Emphasis on Ideological Orientation
President in his address to
the Nation on Emphasis on Science and Technology
November 28, 1969 for education
new policy formulation Decentralization of educational
administratio
 New Education Policy was
finally adopted by the Eradication of illiteracy
Cabinet on March 26, 1970.
Formation of National Education Units
Noor Khan Report
 National Education Policy 1972 13

 President of Pakistan Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, in his address to the

nation on 15th March, 1972 presents the Policy

Promotion of Ideology of Pakistan

Universal Education
First Phase: From 1st Oct, 1972 education up to class VIII -free for boys
and girls in all types of schools.
Second Phase: Starting from 1st Oct, 1979, free education would be
provided to class IX and X in all schools.
 • 38000 Rooms for PS & 23000 Rooms for MS
• Prioritization of rural and backward area 14
Elementary
Education
• Free Text books and writing materials to PS

• Enrollment: Present 10% to 20% by the end of 1980 in both levels

• 1/3 enrollment in Three main streams Arts, Science and Technical/Vocational
Secondary & subjects
Intermediate

• New Universities
• • Pakistan Study Center
University Grant Commission
• University Ordinance • People’s Open University
Higher • Book Bank/National Book Foundation
Education • Centers of Excellence

• 1st Sep, 1972 , Private Colleges & 1st Oct, 1974 all Private Schools will be
Nationalized.
Nationali- • Teachers private institutes would be given Salary and Packages equivalent to
zation public institutes
National Education Policy-1978 15

Policy Presented by: Education Conference

Mohammad Ali Hoti in 1977, to Provide foundation
(Min. of Edu.) to NEP
Aims of Policy 16
 Features of Policy

SECONDARY EDUCATION
PRIMARY EDUCATION 1.THREE tier of elementary, TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL
1.Universal Enrollment secondary and university
EDUCATION
60% literacy by 1982-83 and 2. Science labs, Teaching/
1. Market oriented Curriculum
100% thereafter Aids
& hostels 2. Short-Term Courses in
2. 17000 new PS
Evening
3. 5000 Masjid Schools 3. Second shift to increase
Enrollment
4. Urdu-Medium of
Instruction
 Features of Policy

TEACHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION

1.Strong committed to 1.College Education: Up- SCIENCE EDUCATION
Ideology of Pakistan gradation, Guidance &
Counseling, Equipment 1. Special Coverage to SE in
2.One in-service training Policy for first time
during every five years 2. University Education: 2. National Center for
Strengthening of UCG, Science
3. AEPM establishment National Institute of Education Estb.
4.Strengthening of provincial Educational Research
Education Extension Centers establishment, Funding from 3.Strengthening of National
Federal Govt., National Educational Equipment Center
and AIOU for CT, PTC, Bed,
Education Council for Edu.
Problems identification
 National Education Policy 1992 19
 Prime Minister’s Directive on 10th Feb, 1991 for New NEP
 A National Conference was held at Islamabad in April, 1991
under the chairmanship of the Federal Education Minister
 The policy framework was discussed by the Education
Minister with the Education Committees of the Senate and the
National Assembly.
 The Policy was announced in 20th December 1992
 Policy Thrust 20

Restructure the continuing To improve the quality of

education system on modern education and intensify research
lines in accordance with
principles of Islam so as to create activities in the universities,
a healthy, forward looking and especially in the modern fields
democratic society. of science and technology
 Features of the Policy 21

PRIMARY EDUCATION
1. Training of 26500 PS teachers 2.107000 new Primary and Mosque schools
opening 3.One new room for 20,000 existing one room schools 4. 24750
shelter-less PS would be provided with two rooms 5. “Primary
Directorates” at Federal and
Provincial levels

HIGHER & SCIENCE EDUCATION

1. More funds to universities for research, 2. National Council of Academic
Award ,
3. Linkage between Universities & Industrial Parks,
4. Colleges of Distance Education at Provincial Level,

ADMINISTRATION & MANAGEMENT

1. Strengthening of AEPM, 2. Constitution of SMCs, 3. Increase of Directorate of
Technical Education, 4. PAEPM, 5. Additional powers to DEOs, 6. Establishment of
Directorate of Colleges
 National Education Policy 1998 22

 The Prime Minister advised the Ministry of Education to design a

New Education Policy in January 1998.
 The first revised draft was submitted to the Cabinet on 18
February, 1998.
 The Policy was announced in March 1998.
 Policy Objectives 23

 Universal Literacy (ensure that by 2015, children everywhere, boys and

girls alike will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling)
 Quality education (economically productive, develop sustainable
livelihoods, contribute to peaceful and democratic societies and enhance
individual well-being)
 Encouraging Private Investment in education
 Making Education purposeful and Job Oriented
 Ensuring the quality of higher education
 Reforming the Examination System
 Evolving and effective Decentralized Management System
 Making Curriculum a continuous process
 Achieving universal primary education by using Formal And Non-formal
approaches
 Developing Technical And Vocational education in the country
 Policy Features 24

• Issues &
Elementary Education

• Model Secondary • Access to HE

Challenges Schools at • New disciplines of
• Quality of Edu. District Level emerging

Secondary Education

Higher Education
• Character • Curriculum science
building on Islam Revision • Upgrading Labs &
• Decentralization • Project Libraries
& Method in • M.Phil & Ph.D in
Accountability Teaching more Univ.
• Teacher’s • Education Service • Linkages with
competence Commission Foreign
• Multiple text Univ.
books • Teachers
• Revised Service
Salary Training
Structure Academy
 National Education Policy 2009 25

 Review Process for the

National Education Policy
1998-2010 initiated in 2005
 First Document was
finalized
in March 2007
REASONS OF NEW POLICY
Old Policy was not producing International challenges like
the desired educational results Millennium Development Goals
and the performance (MDGs), Dakar Framework of
remained poor in several key Action Education for All (EFA)
aspects including access, Goals and the challenges
quality and equity of triggered by globalization and
educational opportunities nation’s requirements for
becoming a knowledge society.
 Aim of Policy 26

“Our education system must provide quality

education to our children and youth to enable
them to realize their individual potential and
contribute to development of society and nation,
creating a sense of Pakistani nationhood, the
concepts of tolerance, social justice, democracy,
their regional and local culture and history
based on the basic ideology enunciated in the
Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.”
 Policy Features 27

• Uniformity in Education
1

• Globalization: Global demands, Sustainability,

2

• Social Cohesion
3

• Bridging Public Private Gap

4

• Overcoming Structural Division

5
• Management and Planning Capacity: National Standards and Certification Agency
6 for Education Management and Information System (EMIS)
 Policy Features 28

• Islamic Education
7

• Early Childhood Education

8
• Elementary Education: bring all children from 6 to 10 years in elementary
9 schools by 2015

• Secondary and Higher Education

10

• Literacy and Formal Education: 85% Literacy by 2015

11

• Emergency Education
12
 29

• Improving Quality of Education: Curriculum

Revision, Textbook improvement
13
• Improving Teacher Quality: Pre-service training
and standardization of qualifications,
• Bachelor’s degree, with a B.Ed. for teaching at the elementary
14 level.
• A Masters level for the secondary and higher secondary with a B.Ed.
shall be ensured by 2018