SHS.113.lec-5 and 6 Updated

COURSE NAME: Introduction
to Nutrition Sciences
COURSE CODE:SHS.113 Lec-
04
CREDIT HOURS: 3hrs
INSTRUCTOR: Madiha Noor
Establishing Energy and
Nutrient Recommendations
Contents
 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
Establishing Nutrient Recommendations
 Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
 Adequate Intakes (AI)
 Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
Establishing Energy Recommendations
 Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
 Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR
Using Nutrient Recommendations

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
A set of standards that define the amounts of energy,
nutrients, other dietary components, and physical
activity that best support health.
 It was introduced in 1997.
 reflect the collaborative efforts of researchers in both
the United States and Canada.*
 used for planning and assessing diets for healthy
people.
Its application include:
1. Composition of diets for schools, hospitals or nursing
homes
2. Industries developing new food stuffs
3. Healthcare policy makers and public health officials
COMPONENTS OF DRI
DRI
Nutrient Recommendations
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA
Adequate Intakes (AI)
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
Energy Recommendations
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
 The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that

is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly
all (97 to 98 percent) healthy individuals in a particular
life-stage and gender group.
 The RDA is the goal for usual intake by an individual.
RDA for VITAMIN A
Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)
 The EAR is the median daily intake value that is

estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy
individuals in a life-stage and gender group.
 At this level of intake, the other half of the
individuals in the specified group would not have

their needs met.
The EAR is used
 to calculate the RDA.
 to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes,
 to plan the intake of groups.

RDA calculation
 RDA=1.2EAR
 This level of intake statistically
represents 97.5 percent of the
requirements of the population.
Adequate Intake (AI)
 Ifsufficient scientific evidence is not available
to establish an EAR on which to base an RDA,
an AI is derived instead.
 The AI is the recommended average daily
nutrient intake level based on observed or
experimentally determined approximations or
estimates of nutrient intake by a group (or
groups) of apparently healthy people who are
assumed to be maintaining an adequate
nutritional state.
 The AI is expected to meet or exceed the needs of
most individuals in a specific life-stage and gender
group.
TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL
 The UL is the highest average daily nutrient
intake level likely to pose no risk of adverse
health effects to almost all individuals in a
given life-stage and gender group.
 The UL is not a recommended level of intake
 As intake increases above the UL, the
potential risk of adverse effects increases.
Energy Requirements
Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy

balance and good health in a person of a given age,
gender, weight, height, and level of physical activity.
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR)
Ranges of intakes for the energy nutrients that provide

adequate energy and nutrients and reduce the risk of
chronic diseases.
 Carbohydrates 45–65% of daily kcal
 Fats 20–35% of daily kcal
 Proteins 10–35% of daily kcal
Using Nutrient Recommendations
 Estimates of adequate energy and nutrient intakes

apply to healthy people.
 They need to be adjusted for malnourished people or
those with medical problems who may require
supplemented or restricted dietary intakes.
 Mostnutrient goals are intended to be met
through diets composed of a variety of foods
whenever possible.
 Recommendations apply to average daily
intakes.
 Eachof the DRI categories serves a unique
purpose.
Summary
 The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) are a
set of nutrient intake values that can be used to
plan and evaluate diets for healthy people.
 The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
defines the amount of a nutrient that supports a

specific function in the body for half of the
population.
 The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is
based on the Estimated Average Requirement and
establishes a goal for dietary intake that will meet the
needs of almost all healthy people.
 An Adequate Intake (AI) serves a similar
purpose when an RDA cannot be determined.
 The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)
defines the average amount of energy intake

needed to maintain energy balance
 Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution
Ranges (AMDR) define the proportions
contributed by carbohydrate, fat, and protein
to a healthy diet.
 The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
establishes the highest amount that appears

safe for regular consumption.
 What is RDA?
 EAR covers _____________% of population
 AMDR for carbohydrates ___________%
 proteins_________________%
 Fats ____________________%

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COURSE NAME: Introduction

Using Nutrient Recommendations

Estimated Average Requirements (EAR)

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA

Adequate Intakes (AI)

Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDR

 The RDA is the average daily dietary intake level that

 The EAR is the median daily intake value that is

individuals in the specified group would not have

 to calculate the RDA.

 to assess the adequacy of nutrient intakes,

 to plan the intake of groups.

most individuals in a specific life-stage and gender

The average dietary energy intake that maintains energy

Ranges of intakes for the energy nutrients that provide

 Estimates of adequate energy and nutrient intakes

defines the amount of a nutrient that supports a

defines the average amount of energy intake

establishes the highest amount that appears

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