2 - Chapter 2 Vector

General Physics with Calculus 1
Chapter 2
Vector
Scope
• 2.1 Scalars and Vectors

• 2.2 Coordinate Systems and Components of a Vector
• 2.3 Algebra of Vectors
• 2.4 Products of Vectors
Scalars and Vectors
Vector, as initial (tail) and end point (head). This method is named as tail-head
method
Displacement
What is Displacement?
A displacement is one example of

vector.
The movement(s) A to B has a
direction that represents by an arrow
Relation Between Two Vectors
a) because
b) because not parallel and
c) , different direction event
though
d) , parallel and have identical
magnitude
e) , different direction, not
parallel, but has
Algebra of Vector in One Dimension
Displacement vectors for a fishing trip. (a) Stopping to rest at point C while walking from camp
(point A) to the pond (point B). (b) Going back for the dropped tackle box (point D). (c) Finishing up
at the fishing pond.
Vector Characteristics
Commutative
⃗
𝑨+ ⃗
𝑩=⃗
𝑩+ ⃗
𝑨
Associative
(⃗
𝑨+ ⃗
𝑩) + ⃗
𝑪 =⃗
𝑨+( ⃗
𝑩 +⃗
𝑪)
Distributive
𝜶𝟏 ⃗
𝑨+ 𝜶𝟐 ⃗
𝑨=( 𝜶𝟏 + 𝜶 𝟐) ⃗
𝑨
Vector Characteristics
a)
b) addition
c) substraction
Example 1: Algebra of Vector in One
Dimension
Dimension
A Ladybug Walker case
Problem:
A long measuring stick rests against a wall in a physics laboratory with its
200-cm end at the floor. A ladybug lands on the 100-cm mark and crawls
randomly along the stick. It first walks 15 cm toward the floor, then it
walks 56 cm toward the wall, then it walks 3 cm toward the floor again.
Then, after a brief stop, it continues for 25 cm toward the floor and then,
again, it crawls up 19 cm toward the wall before coming to a complete
rest (Figure 2.8). Find the vector of its total displacement and its final
resting position on the stick.
Dimension
A Ladybug Walker case
The displacement is
Dimension
Solution
The resultant of all the displacement vectors is
The final position is (100 – 32) = 68 –cm mark

Algebra of Vector in Two Dimensions
In navigation, the laws of geometry are used to draw resultant displacements on

nautical maps.
Algebra of Vector in Two Dimensions
Two vectors in geometric construction follows parallelogram rule

(a) Vector with mutual direction (parallel) will form a resultant or vector sum
(b) Vector difference will form a vector substraction

Example 2: Displacement
𝑦 ⃗𝐶
Problem
⃗𝐵
You walk 3.00 km following
vector A, and 4.00 km following
⃗𝐴 vector B. Determine the resultant
of displacement!
𝑥
𝑧
Example 2: Displacement
Solution
𝑦 ⃗𝐶 Let’s follow the equation of
parallelogram of resultant
⃗𝐵
⃗𝐴
𝑥
𝑧 However, the magnitude of the vector
follows Pythagorean theorem which is
5.00 km
Coordinate Systems and Components of a
Vector
Vector is a sum of vector and

Vector
the component form of a vector:
Example 4: Coordinate Systems and
Components of a Vector
Displacement of a Mouse Pointer
A mouse pointer on the display monitor of a computer at its initial position is at point (6.0 cm, 1.6 cm)
with respect to the lower left-side corner. If you move the pointer to an icon located at point (2.0 cm,
4.5 cm), what is the displacement vector of the pointer?
Solution
We identify , , ,
The vector component of the displacement

Vector
Vector
For vector , its magnitude and its direction angle are related to the magnitudes of its
scalar components because , , and form a right triangle.
Vector
Vector
Find the magnitude of and direction of
Solution
The direction
Vector
Polar Coordinates
Vector in Three Dimensions
The scalar component of three-

dimensional vector
If we know the specific coordinate

The magnitude expression of

vector A
Example 6: Vector in Three Dimensions
Problem:
During a takeoff of IAI Heron its
position with respect to a control tower
is 100 m above the ground, 300 m to the
east, and 200 m to the north. One minute
later, its position is 250 m above the
ground, 1200 m to the east, and 2100 m
to the north. What is the drone’s
displacement vector with respect to the
control tower? What is the magnitude of
its displacement vector?
The drone IAI Heron in flight. (credit: SSgt
Reynaldo Ramon, USAF)
Example 6: Vector in Three Dimensions
Solution:
The components of then, from the question we identify
and
The displacement
Magnitude of displacement
Example 7: General Rule of Unit Vector
unit vector
= vector direction
magnitude
If the velocity vector of the military convoy is km/h, what is the unit
vector of its direction of motion?
Example 8: General Rule of Unit Vector
Magnitude of is
km/h
Scalar of Product of Two Vectors
The scalar product of two vectors is defined by
⃗ 𝟐 ⃗ ⃗
𝑨 ≡ 𝑨. 𝑨= 𝑨𝑨𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟎°= 𝑨
𝟐
Scalar Multiplication is Comutative
And obeys the distributive law

When the vector in is given their vector component forms
We can use the commutative rule, in case the axes give zero degree
In order to Find the angle between two vectors
The degree can be obtained by using inverse cosine

Exercise 5: Scalar of Product of Two
Vectors
Three dogs are pulling on a stick in different directions. The first dog pulls with force . The second dog pulls
with force , and the third . What is the angle between and ?
Vector Product of Two Product (Cross
Product)
The vector product, and is denoted by is referred as cross product

The vector product is a vector that has its direction perpendicular to both vectors .
In other words, vector is perpendicular to the plane
The magnitude of cross vector
Product)
The vector product of two vectors is drawn in three-
dimensional space.
(a) The vector product is a vector perpendicular to
the plane that contains vectors and . Small
squares drawn in perspective mark right angles
between and , and between and so that if and
lie on the floor, vector points vertically upward
to the ceiling.
(b)The vector product is a vector antiparallel to
vector .
Product)
In vector product there is a rule of anti-commutative which defines by
Vector product follows the distributive rule

Product)
When we apply the definition of cross product to unit vectors we can find that
The vector multiplication of magnitude the direction of the multiplication is

identically same to
Product)
The illustration of multiplication

identification is shown by these figures
Product)
(a)The diagram of the cyclic order of
the unit vectors of the axes.
(b)The only cross products where the
unit vectors appear in the cyclic
order. These products have the
positive sign.
(c)(d) Two examples of cross products
where the unit vectors do not appear
in the cyclic order. These products
have the negative sign.
Product)
Product)
Product)
Exercise 6: Write on Paper
Exercise 7: Write on Paper
• Find the resultant of
• a) ,
• b) ,
• C) ,
• D)
• F)
• G)

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General Physics with Calculus 1

• 2.1 Scalars and Vectors

A displacement is one example of

The final position is (100 – 32) = 68 –cm mark

In navigation, the laws of geometry are used to draw resultant displacements on

Two vectors in geometric construction follows parallelogram rule

(b) Vector difference will form a vector substraction

Vector is a sum of vector and

The vector component of the displacement

The scalar component of three-

If we know the specific coordinate

The magnitude expression of

And obeys the distributive law

In order to Find the angle between two vectors

The degree can be obtained by using inverse cosine

The vector product, and is denoted by is referred as cross product

Vector product follows the distributive rule

The vector multiplication of magnitude the direction of the multiplication is

The illustration of multiplication

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