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    Vector Notes (Lecture 2) )

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    margo.nicole.schwartz
    Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only, while vector quantities need both magnitude and direction. Vectors are represented by arrows where the length is proportional to the magnitude and the head shows the direction. Trigonometry can be used to calculate vector components from the magnitude and angle. Vectors can be added graphically by placing the tail of one at the head of another, or by resolving into perpendicular x and y components and adding them separately. Multiplying a vector by a scalar scales the magnitude but keeps the direction the same.

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    Vector Notes (Lecture 2) )

    Uploaded by

    margo.nicole.schwartz
    19 views7 pages
    Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only, while vector quantities need both magnitude and direction. Vectors are represented by arrows where the length is proportional to the magnitude and the head shows the direction. Trigonometry can be used to calculate vector components from the magnitude and angle. Vectors can be added graphically by placing the tail of one at the head of another, or by resolving into perpendicular x and y components and adding them separately. Multiplying a vector by a scalar scales the magnitude but keeps the direction the same.

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    Vector Notes (Lecture 2)]

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    Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only, while vector quantities need both magnitude and direction. Vectors are represented by arrows where the length is proportional to the magnitude and the head shows the direction. Trigonometry can be used to calculate vector components from the magnitude and angle. Vectors can be added graphically by placing the tail of one at the head of another, or by resolving into perpendicular x and y components and adding them separately. Multiplying a vector by a scalar scales the magnitude but keeps the direction the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views7 pages

    Vector Notes (Lecture 2) )

    Uploaded by

    margo.nicole.schwartz
    Scalar quantities are completely described by magnitude only, while vector quantities need both magnitude and direction. Vectors are represented by arrows where the length is proportional to the magnitude and the head shows the direction. Trigonometry can be used to calculate vector components from the magnitude and angle. Vectors can be added graphically by placing the tail of one at the head of another, or by resolving into perpendicular x and y components and adding them separately. Multiplying a vector by a scalar scales the magnitude but keeps the direction the same.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Scalar and Vector Quantities Scalars Versus Vectors

    Scalar quantities are completely described by Scalar: quantity is a number with units
    magnitude only (temperature …).

    Vector quantities need both magnitude (size)


    Vector: quantity has both a magnitude (with units)
    and direction to completely describe them and a direction
    (force, displacement, velocity,…).
    How to get to the Library: you need
    Represented by an arrow, the length of the to know how far (0.5 miles) and
    arrow is proportional to the magnitude of the which way.
    vector.
    Need to have consistent systems of
    Head of the arrow represents the direction.
    units for the measurements
    Indicated by the name with an arrow on top
    Need rules for dealing with the
    of it.
    uncertainties
    2 3

    The Components of a
    Vector Math Review: Trigonometry

    Even though you know


    how far and in which
    direction the library is,
    you may not be able to
    walk there in a straight
    line.

    4 5
    Example: how high is the The Components of a Vector
    building? • Length, angle, and components can be calculated from
    each other using trigonometry:
    • Known: angle and one side • Convention: We measure counterclockwise from the
    • Find: !another side +x axis

    • Key: tangent is defined via


    • two sides!

    6 7

    2D Cartesian and Polar The Components of a Vector


    Coordinate Representations • We can resolve vector into
    perpendicular components
    using two-dimensional
    coordinate systems:

    8 9
    Example: Height of a Cliff The Components of a Vector
    In Jules Vern’s Mysterious Island,
    Capt. Cyrus Harding wants to find the
    • Signs of vector components and range of :
    height of a cliff. He stands with his
    back to the base of the cliff and
    marches straight away from it for 500 ft.
    At this point, he lies on the ground and
    measures the angle from horizontal to
    the top of the cliff. (a) If the angle is 34.0°, how high is the cliff?
    (b) What is the straight line distance d from Capt. Harding to the top of the
    cliff?

    10 11

    Any valid physical equation must be dimensionally


    Question 1 Combining Vectors
    A vector has a negative x-component and a Graphically
    positive y-component. The angle theta that
    specifies its direction is measured
    counterclockwise from the x axis.
    In what range is theta ?

    12 13
    Adding Vectors Adding Vectors Graphically

    Adding vectors
    graphically:
    Place the tail of the
    second at the head of
    the first. The sum
    points from the tail of
    the first to the head of
    the last.

    14 15

    Subtracting Vectors Subtracting Vectors

    The negative of a vector


    is a vector of the
    same magnitude pointing
    in the opposite
    direction.
    Here, D = A – B.

    16 17
    Adding Vectors by Adding Vectors by
    Components Components
    • 1) Find the components of each vector
    to be added.
    • 2) Add the x- and y-components
    separately.
    • 3) Find the resultant vector.

    18 19

    Multiplication by a Scalar Properties of Vectors

    • Vectors are equal if they have the same


    magnitude and direction.
    20 21
    Properties of Vectors Vector Summary

    Graphical vector addition: Place tail of second at head of


    first; sum points from tail of first to head of last or
    parallelogram method placing vectors to the same origin.

    22 23

    Unit Vectors Unit Vectors


    Unit vectors are dimensionless vectors of
    unit length. For example, the vector

    has magnitude (with units) Ax and points


    along the +x axis.

    24 25
    Sum of vectors and product
    with a scalar

    26

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