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    CS Fourier

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan
    This document discusses key concepts in Fourier analysis and signal processing: 1. The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so the Fourier transform of a sum of signals is the sum of the individual Fourier transforms. 2. A time-shifted signal has the same Fourier transform but with a phase shift equal to the product of the time shift and angular frequency. 3. The Fourier transform of a signal's derivative is found by multiplying the original Fourier transform by the angular frequency. 4. Convolution in the time domain corresponds to ordinary multiplication in the frequency domain. This allows differential equations to be solved using Fourier transforms. 5. Examples demonstrate using properties like linearity and time-shifting to find Fourier

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    CS Fourier

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan
    22 views23 pages
    This document discusses key concepts in Fourier analysis and signal processing: 1. The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so the Fourier transform of a sum of signals is the sum of the individual Fourier transforms. 2. A time-shifted signal has the same Fourier transform but with a phase shift equal to the product of the time shift and angular frequency. 3. The Fourier transform of a signal's derivative is found by multiplying the original Fourier transform by the angular frequency. 4. Convolution in the time domain corresponds to ordinary multiplication in the frequency domain. This allows differential equations to be solved using Fourier transforms. 5. Examples demonstrate using properties like linearity and time-shifting to find Fourier

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    This document discusses key concepts in Fourier analysis and signal processing: 1. The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so the Fourier transform of a sum of signals is the sum of the individual Fourier transforms. 2. A time-shifted signal has the same Fourier transform but with a phase shift equal to the product of the time shift and angular frequency. 3. The Fourier transform of a signal's derivative is found by multiplying the original Fourier transform by the angular frequency. 4. Convolution in the time domain corresponds to ordinary multiplication in the frequency domain. This allows differential equations to be solved using Fourier transforms. 5. Examples demonstrate using properties like linearity and time-shifting to find Fourier

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views23 pages

    CS Fourier

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Arslan
    This document discusses key concepts in Fourier analysis and signal processing: 1. The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so the Fourier transform of a sum of signals is the sum of the individual Fourier transforms. 2. A time-shifted signal has the same Fourier transform but with a phase shift equal to the product of the time shift and angular frequency. 3. The Fourier transform of a signal's derivative is found by multiplying the original Fourier transform by the angular frequency. 4. Convolution in the time domain corresponds to ordinary multiplication in the frequency domain. This allows differential equations to be solved using Fourier transforms. 5. Examples demonstrate using properties like linearity and time-shifting to find Fourier

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

    Communication Systems

    Fourier

    Dr. Farah Haroon

    1
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    Linearity of the Fourier Transform
    The FourierF transform is a linear function of x(t)
    x1 (t )  X 1 ( j )
    F
    x2 (t )  X 2 ( j )
    F
    ax1 (t )  bx2 (t )  aX 1 ( j )  bX 2 ( j )

    This follows directly from the definition of the Fourier


    transform (as the integral operator is linear) & it easily
    extends to an arbitrary number of signals
    Like impulses/convolution, if we know the Fourier
    transform of simple signals, we can calculate the Fourier
    transform of more complex signals which are a linear
    combination of the simple signals
    F.T of a Time Shifted Signal
     We’ll show that a Fourier transform of a signal which has a simple
    time shift is:
    F {x(t  t0 )}  e  jt0 X ( j )

     i.e. the original Fourier transform but shifted in phase by –wt0

     Proof
     Consider the Fourier transform
    jt synthesis equation:

    x(t )  2  X ( j )e d 
    1
    

    x(t  t0 )  1
    2  
    X ( j )e j ( t t0 ) d

      e 

     jt0
     2
    1
    X ( j ) e jt d
    

     but this is the synthesis equation for the Fourier transform


     e-jw0tX(jw)
    Example: Linearity & Time Shift
     Consider the signal (linear sum of two time
    shifted rectangular pulses)
    x(t )  0.5 x1 (t  2.5)  x2 (t  2.5) x1(t)
     where x1(t) is of width 1, x2(t) is of width 3,
    centred on zero (see figures) t

     Using the FT of a rectangular pulse x2(t)

    X 1 ( j )  2 sin( / 2)
     t

    X 2 ( j )  2 sin( 3 / 2) x (t)

     Then using the linearity and time shift
    Fourier transform properties t

    X ( j )  e  j 5 / 2  sin( / 2)  2 sin( 3 / 2)  
     
    Fourier Transform of a Derivative
    By differentiating both sides of the Fourier
    transform synthesis equation with respect to t:

    dx(t )
    dt
     1
    2 
    
    j X ( j )e jt d

    Therefore noting that this is the synthesis equation


    for the Fourier transform jwX(jw)
    dx(t ) F
     j  X ( j )
    dt

    This is very important, because it replaces


    differentiation in the time domain with
    multiplication (by jw) in the frequency domain.
    Convolution in the Frequency Domain
     We can easily solve ODEs in the frequency domain:
    F
    y (t )  h(t ) * x(t )  Y ( j )  H ( j ) X ( j )

     Therefore, to apply convolution in the time domain, we just have to


    multiply the two Fourier Transforms.

     To solve for the differential/convolution equation using Fourier transforms:


    1. Calculate Fourier transforms of x(t) and h(t): X(jw) by H(jw)
    2. Multiply H(jw) by X(jw) to obtain Y(jw)
    3. Calculate the inverse Fourier transform of Y(jw)

     H(jw) is the LTI system’s transfer function which is the Fourier


    transform of the impulse response, h(t). Very important in the remainder
    of the course (using Laplace transforms)
    Example 1: Solving a First Order ODE
     Calculate the response of a CT LTI system with h(t)
    h(t )  e bt u (t ) b0
     tothe input signal: x(t )  e  at u (t ) a0
     Taking Fourier transforms of both signals:
    1 1
    H ( j )  , X ( j ) 
    b  j a  j
    1
     The overall frequency response: Y ( j ) 
    (b  j )( a  j )

     to convert this to the time domain, express as partial fractions:


    1  1 1  assume
    Y ( j )     ba
    b  a  (a  j ) (b  j ) 
     Therefore, the CT system response is:

    y (t )  1
    ba e  at
    u (t )  e  bt u (t ) 
    Duality
    Modulation

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