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    Fourier Transform Properties

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    anoop.eg
    The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain (x(t)) to its frequency domain representation (X(ω)). It has several important properties: 1) The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so transforms of summed signals are the sums of the individual transforms. 2) Time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. 3) Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jω in the frequency domain. These properties allow analysis of systems using algebraic operations in the frequency domain.

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    Fourier Transform Properties

    Uploaded by

    anoop.eg
    93 views6 pages
    The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain (x(t)) to its frequency domain representation (X(ω)). It has several important properties: 1) The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so transforms of summed signals are the sums of the individual transforms. 2) Time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. 3) Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jω in the frequency domain. These properties allow analysis of systems using algebraic operations in the frequency domain.

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    The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain (x(t)) to its frequency domain representation (X(ω)). It has several important properties: 1) The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so transforms of summed signals are the sums of the individual transforms. 2) Time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. 3) Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jω in the frequency domain. These properties allow analysis of systems using algebraic operations in the frequency domain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    93 views6 pages

    Fourier Transform Properties

    Uploaded by

    anoop.eg
    The Fourier transform relates a signal in the time domain (x(t)) to its frequency domain representation (X(ω)). It has several important properties: 1) The Fourier transform is a linear operator, so transforms of summed signals are the sums of the individual transforms. 2) Time shifts in the time domain result in phase shifts in the frequency domain. 3) Differentiation in the time domain corresponds to multiplication by jω in the frequency domain. These properties allow analysis of systems using algebraic operations in the frequency domain.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Review: Fourier Transform

    A CT signal x(t) and its frequency domain, Fourier transform signal,


    X(je), are related by


    This is denoted by:

    For example:


    Often you have tables for common Fourier transforms
    The Fourier transform, X(je), represents the frequency content of
    x(t).
    It exists either when x(t)->0 as |t|-> or when x(t) is periodic (it
    generalizes the Fourier series)
    }
    }



    =
    =
    e e
    e
    e
    t
    e
    d e j X t x
    dt e t x j X
    t j
    t j
    ) ( ) (
    ) ( ) (
    2
    1
    ) ( ) ( e j X t x
    F

    e j a
    t u e
    F
    at
    +

    1
    ) (
    analysis
    synthesis
    Linearity of the Fourier Transform
    The Fourier transform is a linear function of x(t)



    This follows directly from the definition of the Fourier
    transform (as the integral operator is linear) & it easily
    extends to an arbitrary number of signals
    Like impulses/convolution, if we know the Fourier transform
    of simple signals, we can calculate the Fourier transform
    of more complex signals which are a linear combination
    of the simple signals
    1 1
    2 2
    1 2 1 2
    ( ) ( )
    ( ) ( )
    ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
    F
    F
    F
    x t X j
    x t X j
    ax t bx t aX j bX j
    e
    e
    e e

    + +
    Fourier Transform of a Time Shifted Signal
    Well show that a Fourier transform of a signal which has a
    simple time shift is:

    i.e. the original Fourier transform but shifted in phase by et
    0

    Proof
    Consider the Fourier transform synthesis equation:





    but this is the synthesis equation for the Fourier transform
    e
    -je
    0
    t
    X(je)
    ( )
    0
    0
    1
    2
    ( )
    1
    0 2
    1
    2
    ( ) ( )
    ( ) ( )
    ( )
    j t
    j t t
    j t j t
    x t X j e d
    x t t X j e d
    e X j e d
    e
    t
    e
    t
    e e
    t
    e e
    e e
    e e

    =
    =
    =
    }
    }
    }
    ) ( )} ( {
    0
    0
    e
    e
    j X e t t x F
    t j
    =
    Example: Linearity & Time Shift
    Consider the signal (linear sum of two time
    shifted rectangular pulses)

    where x
    1
    (t) is of width 1, x
    2
    (t) is of width 3,
    centred on zero (see figures)
    Using the FT of a rectangular pulse L10S7


    Then using the linearity and time shift
    Fourier transform properties

    ) 5 . 2 ( ) 5 . 2 ( 5 . 0 ) (
    2 1
    + = t x t x t x
    e
    e
    e
    ) 2 / sin( 2
    ) (
    1
    = j X
    ( )
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +
    =

    e
    e e
    e
    e ) 2 / 3 sin( 2 ) 2 / sin(
    ) (
    2 / 5 j
    e j X
    e
    e
    e
    ) 2 / 3 sin( 2
    ) (
    2
    = j X
    t
    t
    t
    x
    1
    (t)
    x
    2
    (t)
    x

    (t)
    Fourier Transform of a Derivative
    By differentiating both sides of the Fourier transform
    synthesis equation with respect to t:

    Therefore noting that this is the synthesis equation for the
    Fourier transform jeX(je)

    This is very important, because it replaces differentiation in
    the time domain with multiplication (by je) in the
    frequency domain.
    We can solve ODEs in the frequency domain using
    algebraic operations (see next slides)
    ) (
    ) (
    e e j X j
    dt
    t dx
    F

    1
    2
    ( )
    ( )
    j t
    dx t
    j X j e d
    dt
    e
    t
    e e e

    =
    }
    Summary
    The Fourier transform is widely used for designing filters. You can
    design systems with reject high frequency noise and just retain
    the low frequency components. This is natural to describe in the
    frequency domain.

    Important properties of the Fourier transform are:
    1. Linearity and time shifts

    2. Differentiation

    3. Convolution

    Some operations are simplified in the frequency domain, but there
    are a number of signals for which the Fourier transform does not
    exist this leads naturally onto Laplace transforms. Similar
    properties hold for Laplace transforms & the Laplace transform
    is widely used in engineering analysis.
    ) (
    ) (
    e e j X j
    dt
    t dx
    F

    ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( * ) ( ) ( e e e j X j H j Y t x t h t y
    F
    = =
    ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( e e j bY j aX t by t ax
    F
    + +

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