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    NISHITA

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    Nishita Rana
    Crystal structures are defined by the repeating arrangement of atoms throughout a crystal. Crystalline solids have atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a unit cell. Amorphous solids lack a definite pattern. Crystalline solids have properties like a sharp melting point and cleavage, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures and have irregular particle arrangements. A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that describes the symmetry and structure of the crystal. Bravais lattices categorize different arrangements of unit cells in two and three dimensions. Crystals cannot exhibit five-fold symmetry as their structures are based on geometric arrangements that only allow two, three, four, or six-

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    NISHITA

    Uploaded by

    Nishita Rana
    22 views10 pages
    Crystal structures are defined by the repeating arrangement of atoms throughout a crystal. Crystalline solids have atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a unit cell. Amorphous solids lack a definite pattern. Crystalline solids have properties like a sharp melting point and cleavage, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures and have irregular particle arrangements. A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that describes the symmetry and structure of the crystal. Bravais lattices categorize different arrangements of unit cells in two and three dimensions. Crystals cannot exhibit five-fold symmetry as their structures are based on geometric arrangements that only allow two, three, four, or six-

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    Crystal structures are defined by the repeating arrangement of atoms throughout a crystal. Crystalline solids have atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a unit cell. Amorphous solids lack a definite pattern. Crystalline solids have properties like a sharp melting point and cleavage, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures and have irregular particle arrangements. A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that describes the symmetry and structure of the crystal. Bravais lattices categorize different arrangements of unit cells in two and three dimensions. Crystals cannot exhibit five-fold symmetry as their structures are based on geometric arrangements that only allow two, three, four, or six-

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views10 pages

    NISHITA

    Uploaded by

    Nishita Rana
    Crystal structures are defined by the repeating arrangement of atoms throughout a crystal. Crystalline solids have atoms, ions, or molecules arranged in a regular, repeating pattern called a unit cell. Amorphous solids lack a definite pattern. Crystalline solids have properties like a sharp melting point and cleavage, while amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures and have irregular particle arrangements. A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit that describes the symmetry and structure of the crystal. Bravais lattices categorize different arrangements of unit cells in two and three dimensions. Crystals cannot exhibit five-fold symmetry as their structures are based on geometric arrangements that only allow two, three, four, or six-

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    Name : Nishita

    Class: B.SC(NM)-6TH
    ROLL NO:-3149820022
    TOPIC: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
    CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
    A crystal structure is defined as the particular repeating arrangement of
    atoms (molecules or ions) throughout a crystal. Structure refers to the
    internal arrangement of particles and not the external appearance of
    the crystal.
    CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
    • Crystalline solids are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules
    that make up the solid exist in a regular, well-defined arrangement.
    The smallest repeating pattern of crystalline solids is known as the
    unit cell, and unit cells are like bricks in a wall—they are all identical
    and repeating.
    AMORPHOUS SOLID
    Any noncrystalline solid in which the atoms and molecules are not
    organized in a definite lattice pattern. Such solids include glass, plastic,
    and gel. amorphous solid.
    Properties of Crystalline solid

    • Crystalline solids have a sharp melting point and begin to melt at a specific temperature.
    • The shapes are well defined and also particle arrangements of crystalline solids are well-defined.
    • Crystalline solid has cleavage property, which means that when cut with the edge of a sharp tool,
    they split into two pieces and the newly formed surfaces are smooth and plain.
    • They have a distinct heat of fusion (amount of energy needed to melt a given mass of solid at its
    melting point).
    • Crystalline solids are anisotropic. Anisotropic solids have physical properties, such as electrical
    resistance or refractive index, that differ when measured in different directions within the same
    crystal.
    • True solids are crystalline solids.
    Properties of Amorphous solid

    • Amorphous solids soften gradually over a temperature range and can be shaped into various shapes when
    heated.
    • Amorphous solids are pseudo solids or supercooled liquids, which means they move very slowly. If you look
    at the glass panes that are fixed to the windows of old buildings, you will notice that they are slightly thicker
    at the bottom than at the top.
    • Amorphous solids have an irregular shape, indicating that the constituent particles do not have a definite
    geometry of arrangement.
    • When amorphous solids are cut with a sharp edge tool, irregular surfaces are formed.
    • Because of the irregular arrangement of the particles, amorphous solids do not have definite heat of fusion.
    • Because of the irregular arrangement of particles, amorphous solids are isotropic in nature, which means
    that the value of any physical property would be the same along any direction.
    Unit cell
    • The unit cell is defined as the smallest repeated unit with full crystal
    structure symmetry. The unit cell geometry is known as a
    parallelepiped, providing six lattice parameters taken as the lengths of
    the edges of the cells (a, b , c) and the angles between them (α, β, ÿ).
    Bravis lattice in two dimensions
    Bravis lattices in three dimensions
    Crystal lattice can’t have five fold symmetry
    • A crystal structure is made of atoms. A crystal lattice is made of points. A crystal system is a
    set of axes. In other words, the structure is an ordered array of atoms, ions or molecules. A
    unit cell is a crystal structure’s building block that also describes the whole crystal structure
    and symmetry, as well as the atom locations and principal axes. Lattice constants are the
    length, edges of principal axes, and angle between unit cells.
    • Crystals do appear to have 5-fold symmetry but these symmetries are not possible.
    • Crystals can only exist in the 2, 3, 4 or 6-fold rotational axis.
    • The external shape of a crystal is based on a geometric arrangement of atoms, which explains
    why crystals only have 2, 3, 4, and 6 folds. In fact, when we try to combine objects with 5-fold
    and 8-fold apparent symmetry, we can’t combine to fill the space completely.
    • Therefore, crystals cannot have 5, 7, 8, and other higher-fold rotational axes.

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