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    Chemistry

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    Hanna Galati
    The document discusses Lewis structures and the octet rule for drawing structures of covalent molecules and compounds. It explains that in 1916 Gilbert Lewis proposed that atoms combine to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases. It then outlines the steps to draw Lewis structures by determining the number of valence electrons and using them to draw single, double or triple bonds between atoms in order to satisfy the octet rule whereby atoms seek a full valence level of eight electrons.

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    Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Hanna Galati
    31 views14 pages
    The document discusses Lewis structures and the octet rule for drawing structures of covalent molecules and compounds. It explains that in 1916 Gilbert Lewis proposed that atoms combine to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases. It then outlines the steps to draw Lewis structures by determining the number of valence electrons and using them to draw single, double or triple bonds between atoms in order to satisfy the octet rule whereby atoms seek a full valence level of eight electrons.

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    The document discusses Lewis structures and the octet rule for drawing structures of covalent molecules and compounds. It explains that in 1916 Gilbert Lewis proposed that atoms combine to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases. It then outlines the steps to draw Lewis structures by determining the number of valence electrons and using them to draw single, double or triple bonds between atoms in order to satisfy the octet rule whereby atoms seek a full valence level of eight electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    31 views14 pages

    Chemistry

    Uploaded by

    Hanna Galati
    The document discusses Lewis structures and the octet rule for drawing structures of covalent molecules and compounds. It explains that in 1916 Gilbert Lewis proposed that atoms combine to achieve stable electron configurations like noble gases. It then outlines the steps to draw Lewis structures by determining the number of valence electrons and using them to draw single, double or triple bonds between atoms in order to satisfy the octet rule whereby atoms seek a full valence level of eight electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    LEWIS

    STRUCTURE
    COVALENT BONDS
    In 1916, Gilbert N. Lewis
    proposed that atoms combine in
    order to achieve a more stable
    electron configuration.
    OBJECTIVE

    Predict and draw the Lewis structure of


    simple covalent molecules and compounds
    KEY TAKEAWAYS
    KEY POINTS KEY TERMS
    ➔ The outermost principal energy level that contains ➔ octet rule: Atoms try to achieve the electronic
    electrons is called the valence level and contains configuration of the noble gas nearest to them in the
    valence electrons. periodic table by achieving a full valence level with eight
    ➔ In many atoms, not all of the electron pairs comprising electrons.
    the octet are shared between atoms. These unshared, ➔ exceptions to the octet rule: Hydrogen (H) and helium
    non-bonding electrons are called ‘ lone pairs ‘ of (He) only need two electrons to have a full valence level.
    electrons. ➔ Lewis structure: Formalism used to show the structure
    ➔ Although lone pairs are not directly involved in bond of a molecule or compound, in which shared electrons
    formation, they should always be shown in Lewis pairs between atoms are indicated by dashes. Non-
    structures. bonding, lone pairs of electrons must also be shown.
    ➔ There is a logical procedure that can be followed to ➔ covalent bond: Two atoms share valence electrons in
    draw the Lewis structure of a molecule or compound. order to achieve a noble gas electronic configuration.
    THE OCTET
    RULE
    Noble gases like He, Ne, Ar, Kr, etc., are
    stable because their valence level is filled
    with as many electrons as possible. Eight
    electrons fill the valence level for all
    noble gases, except helium, which has
    two electrons in its full valence level.
    Other elements in the periodic table
    react to form bonds in which valence
    electrons are exchanged or shared in order
    to achieve a valence level which is filled,
    just like in the noble gases. We refer to
    this chemical tendency of atoms as ‘the
    octet rule,’ and it guides us in predicting
    how atoms combine to form molecules
    and compounds.
    VALENCE
    ELECTRONS
    ➔ The electrons of atoms that participate in the
    formation of chemical bonds.
    ➔ It is located in the outermost principal energy level,
    which is the level furthest away from the nucleus.
    ➔ Electrons that are not in the valence level are not
    shown in the Lewis symbol. The reason for this is
    Al
    that the chemical reactivity of an atom of the
    element is solely determined by the number of its
    valence electrons, and not its inner electrons.
    ➔ The columns, or groups, in the periodic table are
    used to determine the number of valence electrons
    for each element.
    THINGS TO REMEMBER!
    ● One line = single bond = 2 electrons
    ● Two lines = double bond = 4 electrons
    ● Three lines = triple bond = 6 electrons
    ● Three is the maximum number of bonds.
    ● The more shared pairs of electrons the harder the bond will break.
    ● Shared electrons are counted as owned by both atoms.
    STEPS FOR DRAWING LEWIS
    STRUCTURE
    ELECTRONS
    2)DETERMINE THE CENTRAL ATOM
    (THE ELEMENT THERE IS ONLY ONE
    OF)
    3)DRAW SINGLE BONDS TO THE
    CENTRAL ATOM
    4)PUT ALL REMAINING VALENCE
    ELECTRONS ON ATOMS AS LONE
    PAIRS
    5)TURN LONE PAIRS INTO DOUBLE

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