This document summarizes a paper battery, which is an ultrathin, flexible energy storage device made of paper and carbon nanotubes. It can function as both a supercapacitor and high-energy battery. The paper battery was developed in 2007 and uses carbon nanotube thin films as electrodes and various electrolytes sandwiched between paper. It has advantages of being lightweight, flexible, reusable, and not leaking or overheating. However, production of carbon nanotubes is expensive and the batteries have low shear strength. Potential applications include smart cards, printed circuits, medical devices, and vehicles.
This document summarizes a paper battery, which is an ultrathin, flexible energy storage device made of paper and carbon nanotubes. It can function as both a supercapacitor and high-energy battery. The paper battery was developed in 2007 and uses carbon nanotube thin films as electrodes and various electrolytes sandwiched between paper. It has advantages of being lightweight, flexible, reusable, and not leaking or overheating. However, production of carbon nanotubes is expensive and the batteries have low shear strength. Potential applications include smart cards, printed circuits, medical devices, and vehicles.
This document summarizes a paper battery, which is an ultrathin, flexible energy storage device made of paper and carbon nanotubes. It can function as both a supercapacitor and high-energy battery. The paper battery was developed in 2007 and uses carbon nanotube thin films as electrodes and various electrolytes sandwiched between paper. It has advantages of being lightweight, flexible, reusable, and not leaking or overheating. However, production of carbon nanotubes is expensive and the batteries have low shear strength. Potential applications include smart cards, printed circuits, medical devices, and vehicles.
This document summarizes a paper battery, which is an ultrathin, flexible energy storage device made of paper and carbon nanotubes. It can function as both a supercapacitor and high-energy battery. The paper battery was developed in 2007 and uses carbon nanotube thin films as electrodes and various electrolytes sandwiched between paper. It has advantages of being lightweight, flexible, reusable, and not leaking or overheating. However, production of carbon nanotubes is expensive and the batteries have low shear strength. Potential applications include smart cards, printed circuits, medical devices, and vehicles.
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PAPER BATTERY
PRESENTED BY- SANDEEP BHARDWAJ(1901090210013)
SUBMITTED TO- MR. SANTOSH KUMAR VARSHNEY CONTENT INTRODUCTION CARBON NANOTUBES(CNT) DEVELOPMENT LIMITATIONS OF LI-ION BATTERY WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY? BASIC STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION WORKING ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS AND DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION
PAPER BATTERY 2 INTRODUCTION
A paper battery is a flexible,
ultrathin energy storage device made of cellulose (paper) and carbon nano tubes. A paper battery can act as a super capacitor and also as a high energy battery.
PAPER BATTERY 3 CARBON NANOTUBES(CNT)
Carbon nanotubes is an allotropes
of carbon allotropy is nothing but different structures modifications of an element.
Carbon nanotubes exhibit
extraordinary strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient thermal conductors. DEVELOPMENT • In August 2007, a research team at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute led by Dr. Robert Linhardt, Professor of Biocatalysis and Metabolic Engineering. • Pulickel M.Ajayan, professor of materials science and engineering, Omkaram Nalamasu, professor of chemistry with a joint appoitment in materials science and engineering developed the paper battery. • Senior research specialist Victor Pushparaj, along with post doctorol research associates Shaijumon M.Manikoth, Ashavani Kumar and Saravanababu Murugesan were co-authors and lead researches of the project. • Other co-authors include research associate Lijie Ci and Rensselar Nanotechnology Centre Laboratory Manager Robert Vajtai.
PAPER BATTERY 5 LIMITATIONS OF LI-ION BATTERY
• Requires protection circuit to maintain voltage and
current within safe limits. • Subject to aging, even if not use storage in a cool place at 40% charge reduces the aging effect. • Transportations restrictions - Shipment of large quantities may be subject to regulatory control. This restriction does not apply to personal carry on batteries. • Expensive to manufacture about 40% higher in cost than nickel-cadmium. • Class 9 miscellaneous hazardous material. WHY TO USE PAPER BATTERY? • Ultra-thin size and flexible structure. • Exhibits property of supe capacitor (22 F- 36 F per gram). • Operating temperature (-75 C- TO 100 C). • Provide both long term, steady power production and bursts of energy. • Cost- effective. BASIC STRUCTURE • Cathode: Carbon Nanotube (CNT) • Anode: Lithium metal (li+) • Electrolyte : All electrolytes (include bio electrolytes like blood, sweat and urine) • Seperator : Paper (cellulose) CONSTRUCTION • CNT thin films were coated onto stainless steel substrate with a solution based process. • The concentration of CNT is 1.7mg/mL. • A dried film with a thickness of 2 micrometer was formed after dying the CNT ink or the ss substrate at 80 C for 5 minute. This film is then peeled off from substrate. • These film acts as electrodes of paper battery. • One films is posted to electrolyte LTO (Li4Ti5O12) and the other film is pasted to electrolyte LCO(LiCoO2). • Paper is sandwicked between two electrolytes LTO and LCO with PVDF (PolyVinylidene fluoride) accting as glue. Presentation title 11 12 PAPER BATTERY WORKING
• While a conventional battery contains a number of separate components, the paper battery integrates all of the battery components in a single structure, making it more energy efficient. • Traditional batteries produce electrons through a chemical reaction between electrolyte and metal. • Paper battery produces electrons due to interaction of electrolytes LTO and LCO. • Electrons collect on the negative terminals of the battery and flow along a connected wire to positive terminal during discharging. • Electrons must flow from the negative to positive terminal for the chemical reaction to continue. Biodegradable and Nontoxic
Reusable and Recyclable
Durable ADVANTAGES Rechargeable
No leakage and overheating
Very light weight and flexible
PAPER BATTERY 14 •It would not be logical only to ponder over the miraculous properties and applications of paper batteries. Things need to be discussed at the flip side as well. •Following are some of them: • Have low shear strength: They can be torn easily. • The techniques and the set-ups used in production of Carbon Nanotubes are LIMITATIONS AND very expensive and very less efficient. These are: DISADVANTAGES • Arc discharge • Chemical Vapour deposition (CVD) • Laser ablation • Electrolysis • When inhaled, their interaction with the microphages present in the lungs is similar to that with asbestos fibers, hence may be seriously hazardous to human health.
PAPER BATTERY 15 • Smrt Cards and Tags • Enhanced Printed Circuit Board (PCB) • Electronic games and entertainment devices. • Medical sciences: In pacemakers for the heart, in artificial tissues (using carbon nanometers ) in cosmetics, drug delivery systems, in biosensors, such as glucose meter, sugar maters, etc. APPLICATIONS • Automobiles and aircrafts: • In Hybrid car batteries • In long air flights reducing refueling • For light weight guided missiles • For powering electronic devices in satellite programs.
PAPER BATTERY 16 CONCLUSION
• Standing at a point in the present where there can't be a
day without power, paper batteries can provide an altogether path breaking solution to the same. • Being biodegradable, light weight and nontoxic, flexible paper batteries have potential adapatability to power the next generation of electronics, medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing for radical new designs and medical technologies. • However, commercial applications may be a long way away, because nanotubes are still relatively expansive to fabricate.
