Plant and Animal Reproduction

Animal and Plant
Reproduction
After going through this module, you are
expected to:
1.Identify the types of animal and plant

reproduction,
2.compare animal and plant reproduction and,
3.value the importance of animal and plant

reproduction.
RECAP!!!
Name the parts of a flowering plant
_______1. How can plants reproduce
asexually naturally?
A.Using anthers
B.Using runners
C.Using cuttings
D.Using pollen
2. Which of the following is NOT a form
of asexual reproduction?
A.Budding
B.Fertilization
C.Fission
D.Fragmentation
3. During pollination, pollen grains are
transferred from the anther to the_____?
A.Ovary
B.Sepal
C.Pistil
D.Stigma
Reproduction
 is the biological process by which new
individual organisms – "offspring" – are
produced from their "parent" or
parents.
 Reproduction is a fundamental feature
of all known life; each individual

organism exists as the result of
reproduction.
 Sexual reproduction
– Joining of an egg and sperm
 Asexual reproduction
– A single organism replicating its
genetic material to split into two
identical organisms.
TYPES OF ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
 Binary fission: Single parent cell doubles
its DNA, then divides into two cells.
 Budding: Small growth on the surface of

the parent breaks off, resulting in the
formation of two individuals.
 Ex. yeast, hydras, Jellyfish
Fragmentation: Organisms break into two or
more fragments that develop into a new
individual.
Ex. coral, sponges, and starfish).
 Parthenogenesis: An embryo develops from

an unfertilized cell. It is a method in which a
new individual developed without fertilization.
 ex. ants, wasps, and bees
ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS
HOW DO PLANTS
REPRODUCE SEXUALLY?
 Through the process of fertilization-
when male and female gametes
combine to produce offspring.
 Flowering plants reproduce sexually

through a process called pollination.
Asexual Reproduction
 only requires DNA from one parent.
 It creates offspring that are genetically
identical to the parent (clones).

 Clones lack genetic diversity.
 This makes them more susceptible to
disease. It also makes them less

adaptable to changes in the
environment.
Vegitative Reproduction
 A form of asexual reproduction where a new
plant grows from parts of an existing plant.
 Fast reproduction
 Examples:
– Strawberry runners
– Potato eyes and buds
– Corms
– Bulbs
 Runners- stolon/stem grows horizontally above the ground. The buds
are formed at the nodes of runners. Ex. Strawberry, Bermuda grass
 tubers- These underground growths produce new plants from stems

or growing points called eyes. Ex. Potato, sweet potato
 bulbs- are shortened underground storage structures. They are stems

that are enclosed with fleshy, concentric layered leaves. Ex. Garlic,
onion,
 rhizomes- These stems grow sideways along with the soil or just
below the surface. They branch apart to produce new points of
growth. Ex. Ginger plants.
Artificial propagation
Fragmentation
 is another form of asexual reproduction.
 It involves new plants growing from
small parts of the parent plant that fall to

the ground.
 For example, animals or the wind can
break stems or leaves off plants. This is

one of the ways that plants like
liverworts and mosses reproduce.
Alternation of Generations
Alteration of Generations
Of Nonseed Nonvascular Plants
Moss reproductive
cycle
Of Nonseed Vascular Plants
Fern reproductive cycle
 Sporophyte dominant
 Frond- feathery stems of a fern
 Sorus- underneath the frond
–Produces spores
Of Naked Seed Vascular Plants
Conifer reproductive
cycle
 Sporophyte dominant
 Heterosporous- Produces two kinds
of spores that develop into male and

female cones.
– Female cones
– Made of many scales
– 2 ovules at the base of each scale
– Each ovule produces a
Megaspore which develops into
the female archegonia.
Conifer reproductive
cycle
– Male cones
– Made of small scales that form
microspores
– 4 microspores develop into a
single pollen grain
– Pollen grains are the
male gametophyte that
are transported on air
currents
Fertilization:
 Nonvascular plants- Need a film of
water for the sperm to reach the
egg.
 Vascular plants- Do not need

water for the sperm to reach the
egg.
Of Flowering Seed Vascular
Plants
The Parts of a Flower
• Most flowers have
four parts:
• sepals,
• petals,
• stamens,
• Carpels
(pistils)
The parts of a flower
• Sepals protect the
bud until it opens.
• Petals attract
insects.
• Stamens make
pollen.
• Pistils (carpel) grow
into fruits which
contain the seeds.
Stamen (male)
• Anther: pollen
grains grow in the
anther.
• When the grains
are fully grown, the
anther splits open.
• Filament: holds the
anther
Pistil (female)
• Stigma
• Style
• Ovary
Stigma – sticky place for

pollen to attach
Style – where pollen nuclei
travels to reach the egg
Ovary – where egg is located
Modifications in
Flowers
 Complete flowers – have all four
organs (sepals, petals, stamens, and
pistils)
– Morning glory and tiger lily
 Incomplete flowers – lacks one or
more of the four organs
– Squash and corn
Tiger Lily – a complete flower
Incomplete Flowers
Female Squash Flower Male Squash Flower

Modifications in
Flowers
 Perfect flowers- Have both stamens
and pistils (E x: Lily)
 Imperfect flowers- Either have a
functioning stamen or pistil, but not

both
E x : Cucumber, Squash
SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL
REPRODUCTION IN
ANIMAL
 Sexual reproduction is the production
of a new organism from two parents by
making use of their sex cells or
gametes.
 Humans, fish, frogs, cats, and dogs, all
reproduce by the method of sexual

reproduction.
How does fertilization
take place?
 When a sperm cell successfully meets an egg cell in
the fallopian tube. Once fertilization takes place,
zygote is formed.
 From there, the zygote will move down the fallopian

tube into the uterus.
 The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining. The

stage of development between the zygote or fertilized
egg and the newly formed baby is called embryo.
Internal and External
Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
 Following are the important features of
asexual reproduction:
 No formation of gametes or fertilization
takes place.
 Only one parent is involved.
 The process occurs in very less time.
 The offspring produced are exact copies of
the parent, there is no variation.
 The growth of the offspring is rapid
LET’S CHECK!
1. what are the female parts of a flower?
2. Differentiate sexual and asexual reproduction
3. Enumerate the types of asexual reproduction
4. What is alteration of generation?
5. Differentiate internal and external fertilization.
6. Cite examples of animals that reproduce
asexually.
ASSIGNMENT
 MODULE 4:
 Gas Exchange in Plants and
Animals

Plant and Animal Reproduction

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Animal and Plant

1.Identify the types of animal and plant

2.compare animal and plant reproduction and,

3.value the importance of animal and plant

of all known life; each individual

 Budding: Small growth on the surface of

 Parthenogenesis: An embryo develops from

 Flowering plants reproduce sexually

identical to the parent (clones).

 This makes them more susceptible to

disease. It also makes them less

 tubers- These underground growths produce new plants from stems

 bulbs- are shortened underground storage structures. They are stems

small parts of the parent plant that fall to

break stems or leaves off plants. This is

 Sorus- underneath the frond

of spores that develop into male and

 Vascular plants- Do not need

Stigma – sticky place for

Female Squash Flower Male Squash Flower

functioning stamen or pistil, but not

reproduce by the method of sexual

 From there, the zygote will move down the fallopian

 The zygote then burrows into the uterus lining. The

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