Wk1 D2-3 (Blueprint Reading)

CNC Machine programming
and operations
WEEK NO.1
Daily session
openingprayer
Blue prints and blue prints
reading
LESSON NO.1
(EXPLAINING CNC MACHINES INFORMATION SHEET 2.1-1:
INTERPRET WORKING DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES )
Blueprints and blueprint reading

Blueprints (prints) are copies of mechanical or other types
of technical drawings. The term blueprint reading, means
interpreting ideas expressed by others on drawings,
whether or not the drawings are actually blueprints.

Being able to read blue prints or shop drawings, one must
understand and be familiar with its parts.
: https://maritime.org/doc/pdf/blueprint.pdf
Blueprints Have Three Main Parts:

Drawing -Graphical representation that shows the exact Graphical
representation that shows the exact shape of a component. shape of a
component.

 Dimensions -Numbers that provide the measurements Numbers that
provide the measurements of a piece of a drawing. of a piece of a
drawing.

 Notes -Include information that cannot be easily Include information
that cannot be easily identified on the drawing or other information
needed to identified on the drawing or other information needed to
fabricate the component. Some information may be fabricate the
component. Some information may be important and some may be
irrelevant.
https://www.nrc.gov
Blue print
Lesson no.1
(Explaining CNC Machines information sheet 2.1-1: interpret working drawings and sketches)
Alphabet of lines
1. Object Lines:
•Thick solid lines – outline all surfaces visible to the eye.
•Form basis for comparing weight and composition of other lines
2. Hidden (invisible) Lines:

•Short, evenly spaced dashes.
•Outline invisible or hidden surfaces.
•Always begin with a dash in contact with line at start except when dash would form continuation of
a solid line.
3. Center Lines:
•Alternating long and short, evenly spaced dashes (long dash at each end).
•Short dash where center lines intersect.
•Same weight as invisible lines.
•Indicate central axis of an object or part.
•Indicate center point of a circle or hole.
4. Phantom Lines:
•Thin lines.
•Indicate alternate positions of parts of an object.
•Shows repeated details or location of absent parts.
•One long and two evenly-spaced short dashes (long dash at each end)
5. Dimension Lines:
•Short, solid lines.
•Indicate distance between two points.
•Arrowheads at each end.
•Broken to insert dimensions.
6. Extension Lines:
•Short, solid lines used to show limits of dimensions.
•Placed inside or outside the outline of an object.
•Extend from an outline or surface, but do not touch it.
•Same weight as invisible lines.
7. Leaders
•Indicate part or area to which numbers,
•Notes, or references apply.
•Solid lines.
•Usually terminate in a single arrowhead.
8. Break Lines:
•Can be long or short.
•Indicate that part is broken out to clearly show part or area
beneath part.
•Also used to reduce size of drawing of long part w/uniform cross-
section.
•Short breaks indicated by solid, thick, freehand lines.
•Long breaks indicated by solid, thin, ruled lines broken by
freehand zigzags.
•Breaks on shafts, rods, tubes and pipes are curved
9. Section (crosshatch) Lines:
•Distinguish between two parts that meet at a given point.
•Each part lined or hatched in different direction.
•Thin, parallel lines approx. 1/16 in. apart at 30, 45 or 60 degrees.
•Also used to depict specific types of common manufacturing materials

10. Cutting Plane Lines:
•Heavy dash followed by two shorter dashes.
•Each end has a short line at right angle to cutting plane line, with Arrowheads
pointing in direction from which cut surface is viewed.
•drawing iUsually labeled with a letter at either end to identify cut surface.
•Cut surface s called a “section”.
Drawing specification, Dimensioning and scaling
Title Blocks often divided into following general sections:
•Company Name and Location

•Part Name
•Part Number (die number, forging number, etc.)
•Drawing Number
•Scale (size of drawing as compared to actual size of part.
•Assembly Drawing Number
•Drafting Room Record
•Material Callouts
•Stock Form and/or size
•Tolerances
•Shop Notes
•Drawing Revisions
Sample Assembly Drawing of Connecting Rod

Sample Title block
Bill or materials
Dimension type
Two main types: (Size, Location)
• Fractional Dimensions used on parts not requiring a
high degree of accuracy.
•Usually not smaller than 1/64 of an inch.
• Decimal Dimensions used to indicate high degree of
accuracy.
•Can be as accurate as one ten-thousandth (.0001) of an
inch.
Dimension Types
 Decimal tolerances range from tenths (.10) to ten-thousandths
(.0001)
 When degree of accuracy is critical – tolerance becomes tighter.
 Number of decimal places in a dimension determines tolerance
decima places. For example:
 Dimension “5.10” – Tolerance “+ .02”
 Dimension “5.100” – Tolerance “+ .002”

Angular dimensions used when straight lines are not horizontal or
vertical.
 Expressed in degrees (0), minutes (‘), and seconds (“)
 Also expressed in tenths (.01) or hundredths (.01) of a degree
Tolerance
Tolerance Blocks
Example:
Basic dimension of 12.00
The tolerance is ±0.05
Exploded View:
good for viewing

how pieces fit
together good for
viewing how
pieces fit together
usually no
dimensions or
piece information
usually no
dimensions or
piece information
Isometric: Orthographic:
DETAIL DRAWINGS:
A detail drawing is a print that shows
a single component or part. It
includes a complete and exact
description of the part’s shape and
dimensions, and how it is made.
https://maritime.org/doc/pdf/blueprint.pdf
Isometric to orthographic
Orthographic Views are used extensively in engineering
Often, they must be produced from a 3D object or possibly an existing Isometric drawing
or sketch

Hints for Orthographic Sketching
 Identify the major features and overall dimensions
 Use clean, crisp strokes
 Do not use straightedges or scales when sketching
 Start by drawing bounding boxes and a miter line, using construction lines
 Align the views
 Use light construction lines to locate vertices and edges
 Only measure dimensions along primary axes
 Map inclined and oblique faces between all three views
 Follow the precedence of lines
 Double-check to make sure there are no missing hidden or center lines
 Darken all visible, hidden and center lines
Iso to Ortho
Block in the 3 views using overall width, height

and depth
Front View first, then project height and width
using construction lines
Make sure depth is the same on Top and Right
Views
Lightly block in major features in each view

Place circles in views where they look round
Begin darkening major features
Construction lines can be used
to project location or size of
one feature to another view
A miter line can be used to
project Depth dimensions
Finish adding all final lines

Be sure to add all hidden
and center lines
Darken all final lines
Completed Sketch
with construction lines
erased
Orthographic to Isometric

• Hints for Isometric Sketching
• Identify major features and overall dimensions
• Use clean, crisp strokes
• Do not use straightedges or scales when sketching
• Start by drawing a bounding box, using construction lines
• Only measure dimensions along the primary axes
• Do not directly transfer angles from a multiview to a pictorial
• Use light construction lines to locate vertices and edges
• Sketch faces roughly in this order:
Normal faces on the perimeter of the bounding box
Normal faces in the interior of the bounding box
Inclined faces
Oblique faces
• Darken all object lines
Set up Isometric Axis using 1 vertical line
and 2 lines at 30 degrees from horizontal
Estimate the overall width height and

depth of the object, and sketch the edges
of a block that would completely enclose
the object
Sketch the outline of the
front face using lines
parallel and equal in
length to the two previous
height and width edges

Locate and sketch start/end
points for non-isometric lines
such as the angled surface
Sketch and darken the non-

isometric features

Begin darkening major

features as they are
developed
Locate start/end points of

additional and smaller
features
Completed Isometric
Sketch with
construction lines
erased
Its… recitation time!!!
Trainees will be called randomly and will choose a number that have corresponding
questions based from the lessons that were discussed, each trainees will get a 5
savings points, it will be deducted by 0.1 point in every wrong answer and will
increase 0.1 point fir every correct answer
Note:
At the end of the semester, the students who got the highest point will receive a
reward….
Please pick any number
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
E X I T
1.) Used when it is not necessary to
show all of a part.
Answer:
Break line
 2.) Used to indicate edges,
intersections, etc., that are behind
other features of the part.
Answer:
Hidden line
3.) ±0.05 Is an example of

A. Unilateral tolerance C. tolerance limit
B. Bilateral tolerance D. Basic tolerance
Answer:B
You’re a lucky
student!
5.) After finishing you have acquired 20.04 mm from a given
dimension of 20 ±0.10, what does it implies

A. oversized C. exact
B. undersized D. Accurate
Answer:
D
6.) In putting dimension in circle to circle it should be_________________.

A. Tangent to tangent C. tangent to center
B. Center to center D. center to tangent
Answer:
B
7.) Which of the following is not a
content of title block?
A. Company name C. object
B. tolerances D. shop notes
Answer:
C
8.) it Shows alternate positions of parts
and also the location of parts that are not
integral parts of the item depicted.
Answer:
Phantom line
9.) It is A thin line that extends from
the part or feature being
dimensioned.
Answer:
Extension line
10.) what software is used by the
designers?
Answer:
Computer aided design software
Daily session
closing prayer

Wk1 D2-3 (Blueprint Reading)

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CNC Machine programming

2. Hidden (invisible) Lines:

•Also used to depict specific types of common manufacturing materials

•Company Name and Location

Sample Assembly Drawing of Connecting Rod

good for viewing

Block in the 3 views using overall width, height

Lightly block in major features in each view

Finish adding all final lines

Estimate the overall width height and

Sketch the outline of the

Sketch and darken the non-

Sketch the outline of the

Begin darkening major

Locate start/end points of

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