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    Welcome To PAP Chemistry: - Join Quest: Unique ID LOPEZ2021virtual or

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    luis scola
    This document provides an introduction to chemistry and atomic structure. It begins with instructions on how to join an online chemistry course. The document then reviews atomic theory from Democritus to the current quantum mechanical model. It defines key terms like atomic number, mass number, and subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Chemical properties are determined by the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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    Welcome To PAP Chemistry: - Join Quest: Unique ID LOPEZ2021virtual or

    Uploaded by

    luis scola
    26 views35 pages
    This document provides an introduction to chemistry and atomic structure. It begins with instructions on how to join an online chemistry course. The document then reviews atomic theory from Democritus to the current quantum mechanical model. It defines key terms like atomic number, mass number, and subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Chemical properties are determined by the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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    Science Answers!!

    Original Title

    Subatomic

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    This document provides an introduction to chemistry and atomic structure. It begins with instructions on how to join an online chemistry course. The document then reviews atomic theory from Democritus to the current quantum mechanical model. It defines key terms like atomic number, mass number, and subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Chemical properties are determined by the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    26 views35 pages

    Welcome To PAP Chemistry: - Join Quest: Unique ID LOPEZ2021virtual or

    Uploaded by

    luis scola
    This document provides an introduction to chemistry and atomic structure. It begins with instructions on how to join an online chemistry course. The document then reviews atomic theory from Democritus to the current quantum mechanical model. It defines key terms like atomic number, mass number, and subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It explains that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus. Chemical properties are determined by the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    Welcome to PAP Chemistry

    • Join Quest: Unique ID LOPEZ2021virtual


    Or https://
    quest.cns.utexas.edu/student/courses/enroll_by_link?courseuni
    que=482309

    •  text @lopezpap20 to the number 81010

    • Fill out T2 Survey:


    https://tinyurl.com/y2ocwr9u
    THE ATOM
    Subatomic Particles
    Quick review of atomic theory

    • Democritus (400 BC) – matter indivisible. Coined word


    atoms
    • Dalton (1766-1844)– 5 postulates
    • J.J.Thompson (1859-1940) – Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) –
    discovered electron
    – Plum pudding model
    Quick review of atomic theory (cont)

    • Rutherford – Gold Foil Expt- nucleus


    – Nucleus small and positive
    – Atom mostly empty space
    • Goldstein- proton
    • Chadwick – neutron
    • Bohr- “Planetary Model” -electrons orbit
    nucleus
    • Quantum – “Electron Cloud Model”
    orbitals
    John Dalton’s Atomic Theory
    (19th Century)
    1) All matter is composed of small particles called atoms
    2) All atoms of an element are identical in size, mass, and chemical
    properties FALSE
    3) Atoms cannot be created, divided into smaller particles or
    destroyed FALSE
    4) Different atoms combine in simple whole number ratios to form
    compounds
    5) In chemical reactions, atoms are separated, combined, or
    rearranged
    Rule #4

    +
    ELEMENT A ELEMENT B COMPOUND of A and B
    Rule #5

    +
    What is an atom?

    • Definition
    – smallest particle of an element that retains properties of the
    element
    II. The Subatomic Particles

    Just how small is an atom?


    http://www.ted.com/talks/just_how_small_is_an_atom

    0
    Composition of Nucleus

    a) Proton – positive (+1) charged particle of


    nucleus

    b) Neutron – neutral (0) charged particle of


    nucleus

    1
    II. The Subatomic Particles
    A. Protons (p+)
    • Positively-charged (+1) subatomic
    particle of nucleus
    • Mass: 1.67 x 10-24 g or 1 amu (1840x more
    massive than an electron!)
    • Very high mass, but very tiny volume;
    therefore extremely dense
    • Discovered by Goldstein

    2
    II. The Subatomic Particles

    B. Neutron (n0)
    Neutral (0) subatomic particle
    • ______
    • Contained in the _______
    nucleus
    • Discovered by _________
    Chadwick
    • Mass: 1.67 x 10-24 g or 1 amu
    (same as proton)

    3
    II. The Subatomic Particles
    C. Electrons (e-)
    • _________
    Negatively- charged (-1) subatomic
    particle (the charge is equal and
    opposite to the charge of the proton)
    Surrounding the nucleus
    • __________
    • Mass: 9.11 x 10-28 gram or 1/1840
    amu (negligible compared to p+
    and n0)
    • Tiny mass but occupies the majority of
    the volume of the atom

    5
    II. The Subatomic Particles

    C. Electrons (e-)
    • Each electron has an “electronic address”
    • Each resides in a well defined energy level some
    distance from the nucleus. The further from the
    nucleus, the higher the energy level.
    • Responsible for chemical bonding

    6
    Current Model of the Atom

    • >99% of mass is in the nucleus


    • Very small (there are 6.5 x1021 atoms in a drop of
    water)
    • Nucleus is held together by strong nuclear forces

    7
    Current Model of the Atom

    • Spherically-shaped
    • Small, dense positively-charged nucleus surrounded
    by a cloud of negatively-charged electrons
    • Most of the atom is empty space

    VERY
    DENSE

    8
    amu’s and subatomic particles

    particle Mass (amu)

    e- 0.000549 0

    p+ 1.007276 1

    n0 1.008665 1
    Relative
    Particle Symbol Location Charge Mass

    Proton p+ nucleus +1 1

    Neutron n0 nucleus 0 1

    Electron e- around nucleus -1 0


    What makes an atom of one
    element
    different from an atom of another
    element ?
    Atomic Number
    • Defn – number of protons in an atom
    atomic number identifies atoms
    • Protons are responsible for the nuclear
    charge
    • Atomic Number = p+
    • How is periodic table arranged?
    by increasing atomic number
    • How many electrons do atoms have?
    # electrons = # protons
    +
    +
    + NUCLEUS
    +
    +
    III. Atomic Number and Mass Number
    Mass number
    is not the same as the
    Atomic mass

    • This is the big (or top) number shown on the


    periodic table

    • # of protons identifies the element

    If for some reason the number of protons


    changes (like a nuclear reaction), the
    ELEMENT CHANGES!

    3
    III. Atomic Number and Mass Number
    • Remember, an atom is the smallest particle of an element that
    retains the identity of that element.
    • When the number of protons (+) and the number of electrons (-)
    are the same, the atom is neutral (has no net charge).
    • An ion is a charged atom or group of atoms bonded together.

    4
    Atomic Number

    • Remember this formula to remember the


    atomic number:

    APE
    A = P or E
    Atomic # = (Protons) or
    (Electrons)

    5
    Practice
    III. Atomic Number and Mass Number
    1. Determine the number of protons in:
    a. Fluorine 9
    b. Magnesium 12
    2. Identify the element:
    a. 30 protons Zinc
    b. 17 protons Chlorine
    c. 11 p+ Sodium
    d. 1 p+ Hydrogen

    6
    Mass Number

    • Defn – total number of protons and neutrons

    NOT SAME AS ATOMIC MASS!!!!!!


    Cannot be found on periodic table

    Hydrogen

    1 NO NO NO NO NO!!!!
    H
    1.008

    7
    Mass Number vs Atomic Mass

    They are not the same thing!!!

    Mass Number = Protons + Neutrons

    Atomic Mass is on the periodic table

    The units for both are amu


    (atomic mass units)

    8
    IV. The Subatomic Particles

    B. Mass Number
    Mass Number = p+ + n0
    • Both neutrons and protons are
    responsible for nearly all the atom’s
    mass because electrons are so light
    their mass is negligible.

    9
    IV. The Subatomic Particles

    Ex: An oxygen atom has 8 protons and 8


    neutrons and has a mass number = 16
    __
    Mass Number = p+ + n0

    0
    Mass Number

    • Remember this formula to find # neutrons:

    MAN
    M–A=N
    (Mass #) – (Atomic #) = Neutrons

    1
    Ex 1:

    How many p+, e- and n0 are in an atom of Neon


    with a mass # 22?
    Neon’s atomic number is 10  ___ 10 p+
    If this atom is electrically neutral, protons =
    electrons  ___10 e-
    Mass number = p++ n0
    22 = 10 + n0
    12 = no

    2
    Ex 2:

    Determine which element has a mass # of 23


    and contains 12 n0.
    Mass number = p++ n0
    23 = p+ + 12
    11 = p+
    p+ = atomic number
     the element with 11 protons is
    _______________
    Na (sodium)

    3
    Practice with Atomic number and Mass number
    # of protons + # neutrons = mass number
    A carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons
    12
    has a mass number = ____
    # of protons = atomic
    number

    The atomic number of


    carbon is ___.
    6

    Number of electrons will equal the number of


    protons for an atom with NO NET CHARGE
    4
    Practice
    (assume all are atoms)

    atomic mass # of # of # of Atomic


    symbol
    # # p+ no e- mass

    7 14 7 7 7 14.007 N

    9 19 9 10 9 18.998 F

    19 39 19 20 19 39.098 K

    27 59 27 32 27 58.933 Co

    2. If 2 protons could be removed from the nucleus of


    an oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?
    _____________________
    carbon

    5
    Practice

    2. If 2 protons were removed from the nucleus of an


    oxygen atom, what nucleus remains?
    O: 8 p+
    - 2 p+
    Carbon
    6 p+  ________

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