Seminar Presentation (Phase - 1) : An Autonomous Institute

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An Autonomous Institute

SEMINAR PRESENTATION (PHASE -1)


Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi,
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 ( B)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC
1
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Belagavi, Karnataka

MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING


An Autonomous Institute
Channasandra , Near ITPB, Bengaluru

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

GEOGRIDS IN PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION.

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF


Prof. SHAMBHAVI TADKAL

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 2
An Autonomous Institute
GEO GRIDS IN
PAVEMENT CONSTRUCTION

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 3
An Autonomous Institute
CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

LITERATURE REVIEW

GEOGRIDS

FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS

INSTALLATION PROCEDURE

ADVANTAGES

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 4
An Autonomous Institute
INTRODUCTION
 Environmental factors, subgrade conditions, traffic loading, utility cuts, road widenings, and
aging affect the service life of roads and pavements.

 Roads constructed over loose soil demands higher thickness of granular materials resulting in
high cost of construction.

 The development of geosynthetics in the past three decades has provided the strategies for
enhancing the overall performance of the paved roadways.

 Geosynthetics are the most cost effective tools for safe guarding roads and pavements in these
ways.

 Geogrid a geo synthetic material manufactured from polymers will be usefull for this purpose

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 5
An Autonomous Institute
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE AND TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
1 Mensur Mulabdic, 2018
Krunoslav Minažek,  Paper deals with the importance of geogrid structure, geometry,
Jelena Kaluđer junctions and mechanical properties of geogrid in relation to granular
material in which they are intended to be installed.

IMPORTANCE OF  The paper has underlined some important aspects of interaction


GEOGRIDS. between soil and geogrids in function of reinforcement and stabilization.
It was stressed out that geogrid type (specific stiffness of geogrid
opening, junction strength, tensile strength) and ratio of geogrid opening
and grain size govern the interaction and beneficial effects that are
expected from geogrid in reinforcing soil.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 6
An Autonomous Institute
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME AND RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
2 Martin Ziegler  Geosynthetics are widely used for separation, protection, 2016
drainage, filtration and sealing. In addition, high-strength geogrids
have been more and more successfully used in recent times for the
APPLICATION OF construction of steep slopes and geogrid reinforced bridge
GEOGRID REINFORCED abutments, the crossing of areas with soft soil by using
CONSTRUCTIONS: geosynthetic encased sand columns and the bridging of areas
HISTORY, RECENT AND susceptible to sinkholes.
FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
 Reinforced constructions show in general an increase in bearing
capacity and a remarkable decrease in displacements if we
compare the reinforced case with the unreinforced one at the
same load.

 Compared to conventional solutions, geogrid reinforced


constructions offers remarkable advantages concerning economic
and ecologic aspects.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 7
An Autonomous Institute
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTIC AUTHOR NAME AND RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISH
LE TITLE ED ON
NO. YEAR
3 Barry R. Christopher  Geosynthetics provide significant improvement in pavement 2019
construction and performance. It illustrates a number of potential
GEOGRIDS IN ROADWAY geosynthetic applications in a layered pavement system to improve
AND PAVEMENT its performance.
SYSTEMS.  The geogrid can also be combined with a geotextile separation layer
to prevent fines from migrating into more open graded base layers
and further enhance the roadway performance through improved
drainage as well as reinforcement.
 This document provides specific design and construction
information for the use of geogrids in subgrade stabilization and in
base reinforcement.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 8
An Autonomous Institute
LITERATURE REVIEW
ARTICL AUTHOR NAME RESEARCH CARRIED ON PUBLISHE
E AND TITLE D ON
NO. YEAR
4 Fereidoon • Where a pavement is trafficked along a single path or rut, a geogrid 2017.
Moghaddas- can significantly decrease the permanent deformation of the
Nejadand John C. pavement.
Smale • Two different mechanisms associated with the geogrid
reinforcement were recognized, including
• Interlocking with the base layer aggregate and reduction of the
EFFECT OF permanent lateral displacement of the granular material.
GEOGRID • Improvement in load distribution on the subgrade layer due to the
REINFORCEMENT "slab" effect of the base layer and geogrid.
IN MODEL TRACK • In both multiple- and single-track tests, placing the geogrid at the
TESTS ON middle of the base layer was most effective in reducing pavement
PAVEMENTS. settlement (although in the multiple track tests this was marginal)
due to interlocking and lateral movement reduction of the base
material in the region of the reinforcement. This effect may be
dependent on pavement thickness.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 9
An Autonomous Institute
GEOGRIDS
 Geosynthetics is defined as “a planar product
manufactured from polymeric material used with soil,
rock, earth, or other geotechnical engineering related
material”.

 Has steadily increased in both public and private


construction projects.

 It is likely to increase in the future with stricter


environmental regulations enforcement.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 10
An Autonomous Institute
Geogrids

 They are open structures formed by bonding


polymer strip at their cross point or
punching.

 They are used to reinforce retaining walls,


sub bases etc. since they have higher ability
to distribute across a large area.

 They are made of polymer materials, such as


polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene or
polypropylene.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 11
An Autonomous Institute
FUNCTIONAL MECHANISMS

 The purpose of geogrid is to retain the aggregates collectively by the


method of interlacing the aggregates.

 It has the following functional mechanisms when applied for pavement


construction:

1. Tension Membrane Effect.

2. Improvement of Bearing Capacity.

3. Lateral Restraining Capability.

4. Avoids mixing of layers.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 12
An Autonomous Institute
1. Tension membrane effect.

 This mechanism is based on the concept of


vertical stress distribution.

 This mechanism was initially considered as the


primary mechanism.

 But later studies proved the lateral restraining


mechanism is the major criteria that must be taken
into consideration.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 13
An Autonomous Institute
2. Improvement of bearing capacity.
 The Geogrid layer possesses sufficient
frictional resistance that opposes sub grade
lateral movement.

 This improves the bearing capacity of the


layer.

 Reduction of outward stresses means inward


stresses are formed, which is the reason
behind the increase in bearing capacity.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 14
An Autonomous Institute
3. Lateral restraining capability.
 The Geogrid act a restraint against this lateral movement of the aggregates produced
by wheel loadings over the pavement.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 15
An Autonomous Institute
4.Avoids mixing of layers

Geosynthetics is sandwiched between aggregate base course


and subgrade material.
It prevents mixing of the two layers, aggregate loss and
pumping.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 16
An Autonomous Institute
Installation procedures

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 17
An Autonomous Institute
ADVANTAGES
 Reduces the intensity of stress on the subgrade.

 Prevents the base aggregate from penetrating


into the subgrade.

 Prevents subgrade fines from pumping.

 Reduces the thickness of aggregate required to


stabilize the subgrade.

 Reduces the differential settlement of the


roadway.

 Reduces maintenance and extending the life of


the pavement.

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 18
An Autonomous Institute
CONCLUSION

The future of geosynthetic material is very bright .

The use of geosynthetics significantly reduces civil engineering


construction costs and drastically extends the life of any road
construction.

Geosynthetics have flexibility, making them better and more economical


than any other building materials. 

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 19
An Autonomous Institute
MVJ College of Engineering
Near ITPB, Whitefield
Bangalore-560 067
M: [email protected]
Thank You
P: +91 80 4299 1040

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognised by UGC with 2(f) & 12 (B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC 20
An Autonomous Institute

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