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    Schools of Thought in Second Language AcquisitioN

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    Ma. Theresa O. Mercene
    This document discusses different schools of thought in second language acquisition, including behavioral psychology and classical conditioning. It provides details on classical conditioning principles discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his experiment with Pavlov's dogs, where he conditioned the dogs to salivate when they heard a bell through repeated pairing with food. The document defines key terms in classical conditioning like neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. It also briefly introduces operant conditioning as another method of learning involving rewards and punishments.

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    Schools of Thought in Second Language AcquisitioN

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Theresa O. Mercene
    80 views19 pages
    This document discusses different schools of thought in second language acquisition, including behavioral psychology and classical conditioning. It provides details on classical conditioning principles discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his experiment with Pavlov's dogs, where he conditioned the dogs to salivate when they heard a bell through repeated pairing with food. The document defines key terms in classical conditioning like neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. It also briefly introduces operant conditioning as another method of learning involving rewards and punishments.

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    This document discusses different schools of thought in second language acquisition, including behavioral psychology and classical conditioning. It provides details on classical conditioning principles discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his experiment with Pavlov's dogs, where he conditioned the dogs to salivate when they heard a bell through repeated pairing with food. The document defines key terms in classical conditioning like neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. It also briefly introduces operant conditioning as another method of learning involving rewards and punishments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    80 views19 pages

    Schools of Thought in Second Language AcquisitioN

    Uploaded by

    Ma. Theresa O. Mercene
    This document discusses different schools of thought in second language acquisition, including behavioral psychology and classical conditioning. It provides details on classical conditioning principles discovered by Ivan Pavlov through his experiment with Pavlov's dogs, where he conditioned the dogs to salivate when they heard a bell through repeated pairing with food. The document defines key terms in classical conditioning like neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus, conditioned response, acquisition, extinction, and spontaneous recovery. It also briefly introduces operant conditioning as another method of learning involving rewards and punishments.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    SCHOOLS OF

    THOUGHT IN
    SECOND LANGUAGE
    ACQUISITION
    Behavioral Psychology
    Behavioral psychology, or
    behaviorism, is a theory
    suggesting that environment
    shapes human behavior
    Classical Conditioning

    ■ Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov,


    classical conditioning is a type of unconscious or
    automatic learning.
    Pavlov's Dogs
    Classroom Learning
    ■ If a student associates negative emotional experiences
    with school, then this can obviously have bad results,
    such as creating a school phobia.
    Principles of Classical Conditioning
    ■ Neutral Stimulus
    ■ Unconditioned Stimulus
    ■ Unconditioned Response
    ■ Conditioned Stimulus
    ■ Conditioned Response
    ■ Acquisition
    ■ Extinction
    ■ Spontaneous Recovery
    Neutral Stimulus
    ■ a neutral stimulus (NS) is a stimulus that
    initially does not evoke a response until it is
    paired with the unconditioned stimulus. For
    example, in Pavlov’s experiment the bell was
    the neutral stimulus, and only produced a
    response when it was paired with food.
    Unconditioned Stimulus

    ■ the unconditioned stimulus is a feature


    of the environment that causes a natural
    and automatic unconditioned response.
    In pavlov's study the unconditioned
    stimulus was food.
    Unconditioned Response

    ■ an unconditioned response is an unlearned


    response that occurs automatically when
    the unconditioned stimulus is presented.
    Pavlov showed the existence of the
    unconditioned response by presenting a
    dog with a bowl of food and the
    measuring its salivary secretions
    Conditioned Stimulus

    ■ the conditioned stimulus (CS) is a substitute


    stimulus that triggers the same response in an
    organism as an unconditioned stimulus. Simply
    put, a conditioned stimulus makes an organism
    react to something because it is associated with
    something else. For example, Pavlov’s dog
    learned to salivate at the sound of a bell
    Conditioned Response

    ■ the conditioned response (CR) is the


    learned response to the previously neutral
    stimulus. In Ivan Pavlov's experiments in
    classical conditioning, the dog's salivation
    was the conditioned response to the sound
    of a bell.
    Acquisition

    ■acquisition describes when an


    organism learns to connect a neutral
    stimulus and an unconditioned
    stimulus.
    Extinction
    ■ extinction refers to gradual weakening of a
    conditioned response by breaking the
    association between the conditioned and the
    unconditioned stimuli.
    ■ For example, when the bell was repeatedly
    rang and no food presented Pavlov’s dog
    gradually stopped salivating at the sound of
    the bell.
    Spontaneous Recovery
    ■ Spontaneous Recovery is a phenomenon of Pavlovian
    conditioning that refers to the return of a conditioned
    response (in a weaker form) after a period of time following
    extinction. For example, when Pavlov waited a few days after
    extinguishing the conditioned response, and then rang the bell
    once more, the dog salivated again
    Operant Conditioning
    ■Operant conditioning, sometimes
    referred to as 
    instrumental conditioning, is a
    method of learning that employs
    rewards and punishments for
    behavior.

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