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    Historical Overview and Influences

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    Chelsie Anne Basa
    This document provides a historical overview of influences on urban planning from classical times to today. Some key influences mentioned include Hippodamus of Miletus, who is considered the first town planner in Greece; the orthogonal city plans of ancient Rome and Greece that influenced later cities; and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement in the late 19th century that emphasized green spaces. Modernist planning principles emerged in the 1920s, and new towns were constructed after World War II. Current movements seek to create sustainable, walkable urban environments. Urban design influences factors like health, culture, economics, and the scale and feel of a locality.

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    Historical Overview and Influences

    Uploaded by

    Chelsie Anne Basa
    758 views17 pages
    This document provides a historical overview of influences on urban planning from classical times to today. Some key influences mentioned include Hippodamus of Miletus, who is considered the first town planner in Greece; the orthogonal city plans of ancient Rome and Greece that influenced later cities; and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement in the late 19th century that emphasized green spaces. Modernist planning principles emerged in the 1920s, and new towns were constructed after World War II. Current movements seek to create sustainable, walkable urban environments. Urban design influences factors like health, culture, economics, and the scale and feel of a locality.

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    Study about the influences of city planning from the past up to the present time

    Original Title

    HISTORICAL OVERVIEW AND INFLUENCES

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    This document provides a historical overview of influences on urban planning from classical times to today. Some key influences mentioned include Hippodamus of Miletus, who is considered the first town planner in Greece; the orthogonal city plans of ancient Rome and Greece that influenced later cities; and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement in the late 19th century that emphasized green spaces. Modernist planning principles emerged in the 1920s, and new towns were constructed after World War II. Current movements seek to create sustainable, walkable urban environments. Urban design influences factors like health, culture, economics, and the scale and feel of a locality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    758 views17 pages

    Historical Overview and Influences

    Uploaded by

    Chelsie Anne Basa
    This document provides a historical overview of influences on urban planning from classical times to today. Some key influences mentioned include Hippodamus of Miletus, who is considered the first town planner in Greece; the orthogonal city plans of ancient Rome and Greece that influenced later cities; and Ebenezer Howard's garden city movement in the late 19th century that emphasized green spaces. Modernist planning principles emerged in the 1920s, and new towns were constructed after World War II. Current movements seek to create sustainable, walkable urban environments. Urban design influences factors like health, culture, economics, and the scale and feel of a locality.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Early urban planning involved establishing regular grid patterns. Key figures like Hippodamus and the ancient Greeks and Romans established orthogonal layouts. During the medieval period, many new towns were built in Europe with fortresses and planned extensions.

    During classical and medieval times, cities evolved regular grid patterns influenced by Greek city planning. Notable early planned cities included Miletus and Alexandria. During the medieval period, many new towns were built across Europe with fortified structures and planned extensions.

    Influential modernist theories in the 1920s included Le Corbusier's 'Contemporary City' scheme. Ebenezer Howard's garden city concepts also gained traction, emphasizing planned communities with green spaces. Urban planning was also utilized in communist countries in the 20th century.

    HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

    AND INFLUENCES
    Architectural Planning 3
    Historical Overviews
    Urban Planning
     Hippodamus, a Greek
    philosopher who is
    regarded as the first
    town planner and
    ‘inventor’ of the
    orthogonal urban layout.
    Classical and  Aristotle called him “The

    Medieval Father of City Planning”

    Europe  From about the late 8th


    century on, Greek city-
    states started to found
    colonies along the coasts
    of the Mediterranean,
    which were centered on
    newly created towns and
    cities with more or less
    regular orthogonal plans.
     After the city of Miletus was
    destroyed by the Persians in 494 BCE,
    it was rebuilt in a regular form that,
    according to tradition, was
    determined by the ideas of
    Hippodamus of Miletus.
     Following in the tradition of
    Hippodamus about a century later,
    Classical and Alexander commissioned Dinocrates
    the Architect to lay out his new City of

    Medieval Alexandria, the grandest example of


    idealized urban planning of the
    ancient Hellenistic world, where the
    Europe city's regularity was facilitated by its
    level site near a mouth of the Nile.
     The ancient Romans also employed
    regular orthogonal structures on
    which they molded their colonies.
    They probably were inspired by Greek
    and Hellenic examples, as well as by
    regularly planned cities that were
    built by the Etruscans in Italy.
     Urban development in the
    early Middle Ages,
    characteristically focused on
    a fortress, a fortified abbey

     In the 9th to 14th centuries,


    Classical and many hundreds of new
    towns were built in Europe,
    Medieval and many others were
    enlarged with newly
    Europe planned extensions.

     The deep depression around


    the middle of the 14th
    century marked the end of
    the period of great urban
    expansion.
     Florence was an early model
    of the new urban planning,
    which took on a star-shaped
    layout adapted from the new
    star fort, designed to resist
    cannon fire.

    Renaissance  Filarete's ideal city, building


    Europe on Leone Battista Alberti's De
    re aedificatoria, was named
    "Sforzinda" in compliment to
    his patron; its twelve-pointed
    shape, circumscribable by a
    "perfect" Pythagorean figure,
    the circle, took no heed of its
    undulating terrain in Filarete's
    manuscript.
     The bombardment of
    Brussels by French
    troops of Louis XIV on
    August 13, 14 and 15,
    1695 and the resulting
    fire were together the
    Renaissance most destructive event
    in the entire history of
    Europe Brussels. The Grand
    Place was destroyed,
    along with a third of
    the buildings in the
    city
     During this period, rulers often
    embarked on ambitious attempts
    at redesigning their capital cities as
    a showpiece for the grandeur of
    the nation. Disasters were often a
    major catalyst for planned
    reconstruction.

     Great Fire of 1666, improvements

    Enlightenment were made in hygiene and fire


    safety with wider streets, stone

    Europe
    construction and access to the
    river

     In 1852, Baron Georges-Eugène


    Haussmann was commissioned to
    remodel the Medieval street plan
    of the city by demolishing swathes
    of the old quarters and laying out
    wide boulevards, extending
    outwards beyond the old city limits
     Spanish civil engineer,
    Ildefonso Cerda,
    invented the term
    'urbanization' in 1860-61.
    His theory was the first in
    Enlightenment modern times to focus
    methodically on the city
    Europe as a construction, its
    evolution and the
    workings and interaction
    of its constituent parts
     GARDEN CITY

     The first major urban planning


    theorist was Sir Ebenezer
    Howard, who initiated the
    garden city movement in 1898

    Modern Urban
     Howard's ideas, although
    utopian, were also highly
    practical and were adopted
    Planning around the world in the ensuing
    decades

     His idealized garden city would


    house 32,000 people on a site of
    6,000 acres (2,428 ha), planned
    on a concentric pattern with
    open spaces, public parks and six
    radial boulevards, 120 ft (37 m)
    wide, extending from the center
     URBAN PLANNING PROFESSION

     In 1910, Thomas Adams was appointed as the first


    Town Planning Inspector at the Local Government
    Board, and began meeting with practitioners

    Modern Urban  The Town Planning Institute was established in 1914


    Planning with a mandate to advance the study of town-
    planning and civic design. The first university course
    in America was established at Harvard University in
    1924.
     MODERNISM

     In the 1920s, the ideas of


    modernism began to
    surface in urban planning.

    Modern Urban  The influential modernist


    Planning architect Le Corbusier
    presented his scheme for a
    "Contemporary City" for
    three million inhabitants
    (Ville Contemporaine) in
    1922
     NEW TOWNS

     Ebenezer Howard's urban planning concepts


    were only adopted on a large scale after World
    War II

     The New Towns Act 1946 resulted many New

    Modern Urban Towns being constructed in Britain over the


    following decades

    Planning
     URBAN PLANNING IN COMMUNIST
    COUNTRIES

     Urban planning was popular in the Soviet Union


    and other socialist countries in the period of
    1929-1989
     Modernist planning fell into
    decline in the 1970s when the
    construction of cheap, uniform
    tower blocks ended in most
    countries, such as Britain and
    France

     Since then many have been


    Reactions demolished and replaced by other
    housing types. Rather than
    attempting to eliminate all
    disorder, planning now
    concentrates on individualism and
    diversity in society and the
    economy; this is the post-
    modernist era
     Various current movements
    in urban design seek to
    create sustainable urban
    environments with long-
    lasting structures, buildings
    and a great livability for its
    inhabitants

    New Urbanism  The most clearly defined


    form of walkable urbanism is
    known as the Charter of New
    Urbanism. It is an approach
    for successfully reducing
    environmental impacts by
    altering the built
    environment to create and
    preserve smart cities that
    support sustainable transport
    Influences
    Urban Planning
     Urban design can influence health and the social and cultural
    impacts of a locality

     Urban design can influence the economic success and socio-


    economic composition of a locality

     Urban design determines the physical scale, space and ambience


    of a place and establishes the built and natural forms within which
    individual buildings and infrastructure are sited.

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