Stress at Workplace

STRESS IN THE
WORKPLACE
CHAPTER#10
BY SHULTZ
PAGE#351-381
STRESS
 Physiological and psychological

response to excessive and usually
unpleasant stimulation and to
threatening event in the
environment.
 Stress related diseases are: (high

blood pressure, ulcer, heart
diseases, headache etc).
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
PSYCHOLOGY
 This field of study dealing with the
health effects of job stress and other
aspects of employee well being.
 In 1990, Psychologist Jonathan
proposed the term.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY.

The goal of this field is to understand and
combat the harmful effects of stress on
employee health and safety.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
OF STRESS
 Blood presser rises, chances of diabetes

increases and other stress oriented
physiological disorder.
JOB SATISFACTION AND
FEELINGS OF CONTROL
 Those who report being very satisfied with

their job suffer fewer harmful effects of
stress.
 Kinds of daily work-stress,
 CHALLENGE RELATED STRESS: (time

pressure, high level of responsibility etc)
 HINDERS RELATED STRESS: (excessive job

demands, and constraints) (such as poor
support from higher management and job
insecurity)
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN
STRESS RESPONSE
 Type A and type B personality

 The hardiness factor
 Negative affectivity
 Locus of control
 Sex differences
TYPE A AND TYPE B
PERSONALITY
 Type A
 A pattern of behavior is characterized by
competitiveness, impatience, tendency
towards frustration and hostility.
 Type B
 A pattern of behavior is characterized by
non competitiveness, patience, non
aggressive and relaxed.
HARDINESS
 Hardiness: ( a personality
variable that may explain
individual differences in
vulnerability to stress so called
hardy person believe they can
control the event in their lives
and thus may more resistant to
stress).
SELF EFFICACY
 SELF EFFICACY: (Refers to the belief in one’s ability
to accomplish a task).
 Traditional self efficacy: (person level of confidence

about being able to perform the job).
 Collective efficacy: ( person level of confidence that

the group to which the person belongs is able to
perform the job).
LOCUS OF CONTROL
Locus of control: One’s belief about the source of one's rewards.
 Two types of locus of control:
 Internal locus of control: (people with internal

locus of control belief that job performance, pay
and promotions are under their control and
dependent on their behavior).
 External locus of control: (people with external

locus of control belief such events depends out
side factor such as luck).
NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
 NEGATIVE AFFECTIVITY
 A personality dimension characterized by a
generalized life and job dissatisfaction and by
focus on negative aspect of life.
 People who measure high in negative

affectivity are likely to experience distress
and dissatisfaction in all areas of life, not
just on the job.
SEX DIFFERENCE
 Women consistently report high level

of job stress than men.
WORK FAMILY CONFLICTS
 Both men and women report conflicts between the

demands of family and the demand of job.
 Although women may be more affected by conflicts

between family and job demands.
ORGANIZATIONAL SOLUTION
FOR WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT
 Many organizations have begun

to institutes measure to deal with
these harmful effects.
 E.g. ( day-care facilities at
workplace, flexible work
schedule, and opportunities for
part time work)
CAUSES OF STRESS IN THE
WORK PLACE
 Following are the causes of stress

at work place:
 Work overload
 Organizational change
 Role ambiguity
 Role conflict
CAUSES OF STRESS IN THE
WORK PLACE
 Work overload: ( too much work to perform in available time
and the work is difficult to perform for employee)
 Sometimes employees have work overload and sometimes they
have work under load (work is too simple or insufficiently
challenging for one’s abilities).
 Organizational change: (another stress is change. Employee

who see change as exciting and challenging are less vulnerable
to stress than are those who view change as threat).
 Role ambiguity: (a situation that arises when job

responsibilities are unstructured or poorly defined).
 Role conflict: (a situation that arises when there is a disparity

between job demands and the employee personal standard).
EFFECTS OF STRESS IN
WORK PLACE.
 Mass psychogenic illness

 Burn out
 Workaholics
WORK PLACE.
 Mass psychogenic illness: (a stress related

disorder manifested in a variety of
physical symptoms that spread rapidly
among a group of workers, popularly
called assembly line hysteria).
 (e.g. employee were packing frozen fish in
boxes for shipping, one employee
remarked about a strange odor, suddenly,
workers begun to choke, nausea or
vomiting etc)
WORK PLACE.
 Burn out: (a condition of job stress

that result from overwork)
 E.g. Depress, irritable and bored.
Work aholics: (so called addiction to

work because of anxiety and
insecurity.)
TREATING STRESS IN THE WORK
PLACE
 ORGANIZATIONAL TECHNIQUES:
 Controlling to organizational climate:

(organization should provide sufficient
support, participation in decisions etc).
 Providing control: (exercise some control

over work)
 Defining employee roles: (role should not be

ambiguous, managers should clearly inform
subordinates about job requirements).
TREATING STRESS IN THE WORK
PLACE
 Eliminating work overload and under load:

(appreciate employee, selection and training
program, equitable promotion decision etc)
 Providing for social support: (work in a group,

empathy and concern for employees)
 Providing stress management programs:

(counseling etc).
TREATING STRESS IN THE
WORK PLACE
 INDIVIDUAL TECHNIQUES:
 RELAXATION TRAINING: (a stress reducing

technique that concentrates on relating one part of
the body after another).
 BIOFEEDBACK: (this techniques involves electronic

monitoring of physiological process, such as people
can learn to control muscle tension, blood pressure
and brain waves).
 BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION: (this techniques include

intense drive, self-imposed deadline and high rate
of activity).

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STRESS IN THE

 Physiological and psychological

 Stress related diseases are: (high

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY.

 Blood presser rises, chances of diabetes

 Those who report being very satisfied with

 Kinds of daily work-stress,

 CHALLENGE RELATED STRESS: (time

 HINDERS RELATED STRESS: (excessive job

 Type A and type B personality

 Traditional self efficacy: (person level of confidence

 Collective efficacy: ( person level of confidence that

 Internal locus of control: (people with internal

 External locus of control: (people with external

 People who measure high in negative

 Women consistently report high level

 Both men and women report conflicts between the

 Although women may be more affected by conflicts

 Many organizations have begun

 Following are the causes of stress

 Organizational change: (another stress is change. Employee

 Role ambiguity: (a situation that arises when job

 Role conflict: (a situation that arises when there is a disparity

 Mass psychogenic illness

 Mass psychogenic illness: (a stress related

 Burn out: (a condition of job stress

Work aholics: (so called addiction to

 Controlling to organizational climate:

 Providing control: (exercise some control

 Defining employee roles: (role should not be

 Eliminating work overload and under load:

 Providing for social support: (work in a group,

 Providing stress management programs:

 RELAXATION TRAINING: (a stress reducing

 BIOFEEDBACK: (this techniques involves electronic

 BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION: (this techniques include

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