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    Keyboard Processing With Control Flow: Julius Bancud

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    Red Streak
    The program: 1) Gets a numeric input from 0-9 and stores it in AL 2) Compares AL to numbers 0-9 using CMP and conditional jumps 3) Prints the corresponding word using INT 21h and stored offsets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Keyboard Processing With Control Flow: Julius Bancud

    Uploaded by

    Red Streak
    65 views30 pages
    The program: 1) Gets a numeric input from 0-9 and stores it in AL 2) Compares AL to numbers 0-9 using CMP and conditional jumps 3) Prints the corresponding word using INT 21h and stored offsets

    Original Title

    Laboratory 5

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    The program: 1) Gets a numeric input from 0-9 and stores it in AL 2) Compares AL to numbers 0-9 using CMP and conditional jumps 3) Prints the corresponding word using INT 21h and stored offsets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    65 views30 pages

    Keyboard Processing With Control Flow: Julius Bancud

    Uploaded by

    Red Streak
    The program: 1) Gets a numeric input from 0-9 and stores it in AL 2) Compares AL to numbers 0-9 using CMP and conditional jumps 3) Prints the corresponding word using INT 21h and stored offsets

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    Keyboard Processing

    with Control flow


    Julius Bancud
    Character Input

    The following instructions wait until a character is


    typed using the keyboard and then store the ASCII
    character in AL register. Whatever is typed is also
    shown on the screen

    MOV AL, 01h ; request for character input


    INT 21h
    Character Input without Echo
    The following instructions wait for an input character
    from the keyboard and place it in AL register. However,
    character is not displayed on screen.

    MOV AH, 08h ; request for character input


    INT 21h
    Sample program that demonstrates the use of
    character input
    OUTPUT
    Lowercase letter converts to uppercase letter
    OUTPUT
    CMP INSTRUCTION
    CMP (Compare) instruction is used to compare character
    data, as well as, numeric data fields. The main use of CMP
    is in decision making in conjunction with the conditional
    jump instructions.
    Format:
    CMP <register>,<register>
    CMP<register>,<immediate-data>
    Example:
    CMP AL, ‘Y’
    CMP DX, 0000h
    CONDITIONAL JUMP INSTRCUTIONS
    • These are instructions that transfer control depending
    on the setting of CMP instruction whether a certain
    condition is met or not.
    INSTRUCTION DESCRIPTION

    JE JUMP IF EQUAL
    JNE JUMP IF NOT EQUAL
    JL JUMP IF LESS THAN
    JLE JUMP IF LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO
    JG JUMP IF GREATER THAN
    JGE JUMP IF GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO
    JZ JUMP IF ZERO
    JNZ JUMP IF NOT ZERO
    CONDITIONAL JUMP INSTRUCTIONS

    Format:
    <conditional jump instruction> <label>
    Example:
    CMP AL, ‘Y’
    JE TAMA
    CMP AL, ‘N’
    JE MALI
    TAMA: MOV AH, 09h
    MOV DX, OFFSET ANS1
    INT 21h
    UNCONDITIONAL JMP
    JMP is considered as unconditional jump instruction because it is always executed by the
    machine. It does not depend on a condition being true or false.
    Format:
    JMP <label>
    Example:
    CMP AL, ‘Y’
    JE TAMA
    CMP AL, ‘N’
    JE MALI
    JMP TAPOS
    TAMA: MOV AH, 09h
    MOV DX, OFFSET ANS1
    INT 21h
    TAPOS: MOV AX, 4C00H
    INT 21h
    IF .. ELSE CONSTRUCT
    A conditional statement of C language in the form:
    if < condition>
    {
    <statement-1>;
    <statement-2>;

    <statement-n>;
    }
    else
    {
    <statement-1>;
    <statement-2>;
    <statement-n>;
    }
    IF .. ELSE CONSTRUCT
    Can be implemented by assembly language of the form:
    <CMP instruction>
    <conditional jmp instruction> <label-1>
    <instruction-1>
    <instruction-1>
    …
    <instruction-n>
    < jmp instruction> <label-2>
    IF .. ELSE CONSTRUCT
    C LANGUAGE ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
    If (ax == 0)
    {
    cx = cx – ax; CMP AX, 0000h
    ax = ax + 1 JNZ ACTION1
    } SUB CX, AX
    INC AX
    JMP NEXT
    else
    { ACTION1: SUB CX, 0008h
    cx = cx – 8;
    } NEXT:
    DO .. WHILE CONSTRUCT

    A DO.. WHILE lop similar to C language


    do
    {
    <statement-1>;
    <statement-2>;
    ….
    <statement-n>;
    } while<condition>;
    Do… while

    Can be implemented by assembly language of the form:


    <label>:
    <instruction-1>
    <instruction-1>
    …
    <instruction-n>
    <CMP instruction>
    <conditional jmp instruction>
    Example
    C language Assembly Language

    ax = 5 MOV AX, 0005h


    do HERE: DEC AX
    { INC BX
    ax = ax -1; CMP AX, 0000H
    bx = bx + 1; JNZ HERE
    }while ( ax>=0);
    WHILE CONSTRUCT
    Similarly, C language while loop:

    while<condition>
    {
    <statement-1>
    <statement-2>
    ….
    <statement-n>
    }
    Is roughly equivalent to an assembly language structure:

    <label-1> : <CMP instruction>


    <conditional jmp instruction> <label-2>
    <instruciton-1>
    <instruciton-2>
    …
    <instruciton-n>
    JMP <label-1>

    <label-2> <instruciton-1>
    <instruciton-2>
    …
    <instruciton-n>
    Example
    C Language Assembly Language

    START: CMP AX, 000Ah


    while ( ax < = 10) JGE NEXT
    { ADD AX, BX
    ax = ax + bx; INC BX
    bx = bx + 1; JMP START
    }
    NEXT: ADD CX, AX
    Output
    STRING INPUT

    The following instructions wait for the input string,


    pressing ENTER key and the input string is stored to a
    specified identifier namely x.

    MOV AH, 0AH ; request for string input


    MOV DX, OFFSET X ; LOAD ADDRESS
    INT 21H
    STRING INPUT

    • But before you apply instructions to accept string,


    you have to define the identifier to hold input
    string.
    • Format:
    <identifier> DB <max-size-str>, <current-size>,
    <max-size-str> DUP(“$”)
    STRING INPUT
    WHERE:
    <max-size-str> - numeric constant defining the maximum number of
    characters minus three (3)
    <current size> - declared as question mark (?) meaning undefined. It will
    have a value after the input. It holds the number of characters entered
    DUP(“$”) - fills the string with dollar symbol.

    Example:
    NEYM DB 08h, ?, 08h DUP(“$”)
    08H 04H v a l e $ 0Dh
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

    STRING INPUT

    In the above example, it means that the maximum size of


    string you can enter is 8 for 08h minus 3. thus the required
    number of characters to be entered is only 5 instead of 8.
    Why only 5 and not 8? You can only put 5 characters
    because 08h will be stored in the first memory address. If
    your input is ‘vale’, there are 4 characters, 04h will be stored
    in the second memory address, character ‘v’ will be stored
    in the third location, ‘a’ in fourth and so on and so forth.
    After pressing enter key, 0Dh will be stored at the last
    memory address.
    Displaying the input string

    The following instructions display the input string


    starting at the third memory address.

    MOV AH, 09H ; request for string output


    MOV DX, OFFSET X+2
    INT 21h
    Sample program that demonstrates string input and
    displays it again on screen.
    Output
    Exercise

    Construct an assembly language program that will


    allow the user to input from 0 to 9 only and will
    convert and display its equivalent number in word.

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