Geospatial Science Introduction To GIS: Name

GEOSPATIAL SCIENCE
Introduction to GIS
Name:
Introduction to GIS
• This is an integration of several disciplines combined together using
Geospatial system software for correct procedural operations in order to
facilitate data recording, data management, data utilization, data analysis,
data representations with a better pictorial display in geo-referenced data
manner to handle complicated tasks in urban planning and topographic.
• Geospatial science data system have a wide range of applications in;
proper plans on lands, utilities management, ecosystems analysis, plans
on landscaping, transport and urban planning sector and understanding
market structure. Geospatial data system serves a vital function in
statistical planning. Through the software, data can be analyzed critical
and processed into new data to used for planning.
Areas of applications include;
Geospatial data analyzed using Geospatial system software can be applied to help solve the
following problems;
• visual aid showing how the data is applied
Location mapping; the idea of GIS is widely used in required locations through use of surveying
tools to map the locations.
Quantity mapping; the idea of mapping quantities involves mapping places in a map where the least
and largest counts can be observed.
Marking of the density; this is done using the density map to observe some hidden features in a
map due to variations in the mapping features.
Calculating distances; the principle can be used to determine the exact location of an incidence at a
particular point of a location.
GEOSPATIAL DATA AND GEOSPATIAL DATA COLLECTION
• Geospatial data has 2 sub-components;

i. Space
ii. Theme component
• The data has 2 elements;
i. Observing element
ii. Varying element
• Space component (spatial); the component has 2 ways of locating an element; that is using
the absolute method where we use the coordinate at a particular point (X AND Y) and the
topology.
• Theme component (thematic); here the components can be analyzed using the thematic
relationship or by using exact location analysis. In some situations both can used.

Problem identification
• So much changes has taken place in our urban centers in proper urban planning. But
inadequate resources has led to less implementation. The science has helped solve the
problem of over-population and revenue allocation in some parts of the town. The
knowledge of spatial science information is vital and has been used to meet the need
to help raise more funds. The visual aids shown in slide 9 shows the overpopulated
area and a new location where a road construction wants to take place.
• The problem in a geospatial science can be divided into two classes;
-Internal;
-External
The most commonly used method of data collection is the Remote sensing method. The
purpose of the data is to be used to critically analyze the map shown below of the city
of Richmond.
Data representation
Data representation can be done using thematic method(mapping). It is the easiest way to
understand, explain and analyze data recorded. Again map of an area of interest are
normally obtained from the statistic department.
Derivation of Data;
This is done by the Geospatial software to allow for the data extract and analysis. To work
with this critically then the exact size of the territory must be considered. The volume, and
area are the main points of concern in a given space. This is needed to assist in getting the
boundaries of a town or market under development using its length and area.

Problem analysis;
• Space component (spatial); the component has 2 ways of locating an element; that is
using the absolute method where we use the coordinate at a particular point (X AND Y)
and the topology.
• Since Geospatial science is used to analyze spatial data by the use of the principle of
spatial method. Spatial method is more useful during re-grouping of very complicated
data sets such as town or market. Spatial method is a computerized method and its
analysis efficiency is high and faster. This is why it can also be used in variable data sets.
•
• Theme component (thematic); here the components can be analyzed using the
thematic relationship or by using exact location analysis. In some situations both can
used.
•
Aerial view of the town;
What to implement/recommendation;
In the map provided above it is clear that the following would be
recommended for implementation;
1. For proper planning the town needs to come up with a way of
learning the new advancements of data recording like spatial method
other than the older means of thematic method.
2. To avoid the problems stated above the authorities must ensure that
there is better training of the public about planning and how to use
spatial analysis method.

References;
• 1. ’Geographic Information Systems’ Bernhardsen, T. (1999): John Wiley & Sons, Inc. USA
• 2. ‘Spatial statistics and GIS applied to internal migration in Rwanda, Central Africa’. Brown, D.
G., (1996): Practical Handbook of Spatial Statistics, Arlinghaus S. L. (Eds.). New York: CRC.
• 3. ’Visualization’ In: Maguire D. J., Goodchild M. F., Rhind D W, Geographical Information
Systems: Buttenfield, B., W. Mackaness (1991):principles and applications. Longman, London
• 4. ’GIS and Spatial Analysis in Regional and Urban Research’. Bond, D. (2000): Cities and Regions
GIS Special, pp. 1-8.
• 5. ‘The appropriateness of geographic information systems for regional planning in the
developing world’. Klosterman R. E., (1995): In: Computer, Environment and Urban Systems, vol.
19, No. 1, pp. 1-13.
• 6.’Spatial Data Infrastructures in Bulgaria - State of Play’, Vandenbroucke, D., P. Beusen, (2003):

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GEOSPATIAL SCIENCE

• visual aid showing how the data is applied

• Geospatial data has 2 sub-components;

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