ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEM AND ITS

IMPACTS

LOWER LAKE
LOCATI
ON
Madhya Pradesh,
India.
 Heart of Bhopal city
 Latitude : 23°14' -
23°16' N
 Longitude : 77°24'-
77°25' E
 495 m above sea
level

HISTORY
 The lower lake was constructed in Late 18th Century on
the down stream of the dam of Upper lake by Nawab
Chhote Khan (a Minister of Nawab Hayat Mohammed
Khan’s regime) to enhance the beauty of the city
 Type of Dam - earthern
 The Upper Lake and the Lower are divided from each
other by an over bridge.  
 The Lower lake is surrounded from all sides by human
settlements.
 Lower Lake is positioned in the heart, so you can take a
close look at the city. It's very nice to bask in the beauty
of the pristine lake and panoramic vistas of the city at a
time. Along with enjoying a languid stroll around the
PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS
SURFACE AREA [KM2] 1
VOLUME [KM3] 0.008
MAXIMUM DEPTH [M] 10.7
MEAN DEPTH [M] 6.2
WATER LEVEL Regulated
LENGTH OF SHORELINE
6.3
[KM]
DRAINAGE BASIN TYPE Open
SALINITY TYPE Fresh
STORAGE CAPACITY
4.3
(MILLION CUM.)
ALTITUDE 500m
DRAINAGE BASIN AREA 9.6km2
Rain water, Seepage from
SOURCE OF WATER Upper Lake and Domestic
Sewage
MAIN USE OF WATER Washing and Boating
Warmer humid (humid
CLIMATE
subtropical)
POPULATION DENSITY 1350 Persons/km2
PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

GEOGRAPH
Y
 Names of main islands
: An island towards
south side of the lake.
 Number of out
flowing rivers and
channels : 1
 MAJOR
ENVIRONMENTAL
ISSUES
Sewage and sullage inflow into the Washing activities and Dhobhi
lake ghats

Human intervention and

Excessive growth of aquatic plants Deposition of solid wastes

Visarjan
Ghat

Nallah -
Balagarh
slum

Dhobi Ghat
WASHING ACTIVITIES AND
DHOBHI
 The GHAT
livelihood of 250 washer-men
families belonging to socio-
economically weaker sections of the
society is dependent on the Lower
Lake.
 Large Quantity of detergent, chemicals
and furnace ashes enters lake daily due
to washing.
 The lake has
great
importance to
local people,
who take bath
and wash their
clothes
DEPOSITION OF SOLID WAST
 Muncipal corporation is able to
collect only 96 tons per day of
garbage against 131 tons per
day and dump it at a site 12km
away (Bhanpur).
 EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF
AQUATIC PLANTS

 Eutrophication is result
of anthropogenic pollution with nutrients,
particularly the release of sewage effluent
into the lake.
 The lake has a basic defect in its
construction of the lower dam wall which
is without a sluice gate and only aerated
surface water continuously overflows the
dam wall.
 Fecal bacteria population is very high
indicating a high degree of
 HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND SLUM
DEVELOPMENT
 Since, the lake is surrounded
by the rows of houses within a
hilly terrain the water remains
stagnant without any
circulation and mixing of the
aerated and anaerobic bottom
water and increases the
sinking rate of the silt
particles into the bottom.
 The whole lake is thus
converted into a large septic
tank making the lake
shallower and shallower day
by day.
SEWAGE AND SULLAGE FLOW
 Inflow of 28 nallahs and drains
carrying 50 million litres/day
 Environmental problems
resulting in deterioration of their
water quality mainly due to
inflow of untreated sewage
 The city does not have any
organized sewerage network
facilities to old Bhopal city, and
otherlake
 The areas
is falling
situatedinwithin
the the
catchment
city area of lakes.
and a number of ward or
colonies contribute sewage
and sullage flowing through
open drains which ultimately
finds its way into the lakes.
 IDOL IMMERSION
 The immersion of idol of Lord Ganesh and Goddess Durga
during Ganesh Ustav and Navratris festival is a major source
of contamination and sedimentation to the lake.
 On account of the immersion,
materials like clay, bamboo, grass,
wood, metals, jute, colors, painted
cloth, flowers, incense sticks, dhoop,
amphor, ash etc. are released into the
water bodies. Added clay results in
siltation of the lakes while immersed
biodegradable materials contaminate
the quality of the lake water.
 The Urban water bodies are easily
approachable and so the idol
immersion activities are localized at
various sites of the lakes.
 Deposition of
Eutrophication
solid waste and
– excessive
sewage
growth of
effluents in
aquatic plants
water

Dead of Fishes
Reduction in
and makes
the quality of
water unfit for
water
human use
SOLUTIONS
Initiations…..
 The State Government initiated a public awareness generation program of
manual weed removal called ‘Sarovar Hamari Dharohar’ (Lakes are Our
Heritage) in 1989.
 The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) provided financial
assistance, in the form of a soft loan of 7.055 billion yen, out of the total
project cost of 8.033 billion yen in 1993 for implementation of the “Lake
Bhopal Conservation and Management Project” (also known as Bhoj
Wetland Project), to be executed over a period of 5 years, beginning in
April 1995. The project initially envisaged 14 sub-projects under the major
topics of:
 Desilting and Dredging (desilting and dredging of the lakes;
deepening and widening of the spill channel);
 Catchment Area Treatment (afforestation, creation of buffer zones,
construction of check dams, silt traps, toe walls and cascading and
garland drains);
 Prevention of Pollution (Sewerage schemes);
 Shoreline and Fringe Area Management (solid waste management,
 The Bhopal Development Plan

2005,
prepared by the Directorate of Town and Country of Madhya Pradesh,
provides the following regulatory measures for the protection and
management of lakes:
 Fringe areas of the lakes have been declared as sensitive urban
development. No construction and development activities in 33 m space
from the edge of the Lower Lake is allowed. The space is to be kept open.
 The practice of agriculture right along the lake fringe is to be discouraged
so that water is not polluted due to the addition of chemical fertilizer,
pesticide and belonging to socio- economically weaker sections of the
insecticides.
 Provisions in other national-level acts include the following:
 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, amended in
1994 empowers the Madhya Pradesh Pollution Control Board to take
action against the polluters of the water resources;
 The Environmental Protection Act, 1986 also empowers the Madhya
Pradesh Pollution Control Board to take action against the polluters of
the water resources; and
 ●
About 62 kms sewerage pipeline and 23 kms long force
mains are being laid in 23 municipal wards of the city
which is divided in 3 networks of Gandhinagar, Maholi
SEWAGE and Kotra. Four sewerage treatment plants are also
being constructed in these areas.
TREATMENT ●
Provision of surface drain/pipe drains connected to
sewage system, which will divert this water from the
lake and prevent silt entry from various stream.

●
Prevent direct and indirect solid waste from entering
●
Good sanitation to nearby slums.
●
Bhopal Municipal Corporation providing dumper placers,
SOLID WASTE refuse compactors, a sewer-cleaning machine and containers.
An electronic weigh bridge also was installed at the dump site
MANAGEMENT to monitor the efficiency of each vehicle. These measures
resulted in the additional collection and disposal of 70 metric
ton of solid waste from the 18 municipal wards located in the
urban watershed
 Shift dhobhi ghat and slum and development of the land so vacated. Attempt are
WASHING
●

made to motivate the Dhobi community for voluntary shifting

ACTIVITY AND ●
training center Khatlapura.
New site : down stream of lake a nallah named Patra is flowing with sufficient open
spaces of lands along its banks. all facilities for colony road, water, infrastructure,
DHOBHI GHATS water supply, sewage, street lighting etc. total 10.5 acre land has been made available
at Poshanbagh and Kewdaallah bagh near Patra nallah for new Dhobhighat relocation

HUMAN ●
The desilting is to remove volume of silt and sedimentation from a long duration of
settlement-reduced the storage capacity of lakes, accumulation of the nutrients that

SETTLMENT ●
promote pollution, growth of aquatic weeds, algae, and bio-organisms.
About 85,000m3 silt already removed.
Done near nallah of Balganga MVM hostel and Jahangirbad of lower lake and 45,000
AND SLUM
●

cum, 1000cum, 30000 cum of silt and mud is removed respectively.

DEVELOPMENT cattle etc.

CONTROL ●
Biological control aquatic weeds and plants with the view to
OVER ●
improve quality of lake.
Aquaculture – cooperation of fisher men
EUTROPHICATI ●
Harvesting fish has an aim of indirect removal of nutrients
from the lake which is the cause of europhication.
ON
THANK YOU
SUGANDHA DEVA
091110231
II YEAR
B.PLANNING