Chapter 4 (Surface Development)

CE 102: CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING I
SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT
Mohammad Majharul Islam

Teaching Assistant, Department of Civil Engineering
University of Asia Pacific (UAP), Dhaka
CHAPTER – 4
WHAT IS SURFACE DEVELOPMENT ?
“The development of surface of an

object means the unrolling and
unfolding of all surfaces of the object
on a plane.”
“If the surface of a solid is laid out
on a plain surface, the shape thus
obtained is called the development of
that solid.”
In other words, the development of a
solid is the shape of a plain sheet that by
proper folding could be converted into
the shape of the concerned solid.
IMPORTANCE OF SURFACE
DEVELOPMENT
Knowledge of development is
very useful in sheet metal
work, construction of storage
vessels, chemical vessels,
boilers, and chimneys. Such
vessels are manufactured from
plates that are cut according to
these developments and then
properly bend into desired
shaped. The joints are then
Boilers welded or riveted.
Chemical Vessel
Storage Vessels
Metal Sheet Works

Chimney
PRINCIPLES OF SURFACE DEVELOPMENT
Every line on the development should show the true length of

the corresponding line on the surface which is developed.
2"
TRUE LENGTH
True Length (OB/OE) O

AB BC E
OB =  1 / 2  2  1 / 2  2 = 1 / 2  = 0.707"
D C
OB = O' B  OO' = 0.707   2 = 2.17 " 2
E E
False Length (OE)
O O
OE = O' E 'OO' = 0.5   2  = 2.12 " 2
A B
1"
METHODS OF DEVELOPMENT
 Parallel-line development
 Radial-line development
 Triangulation development
 Approximate development
PARALLEL-LINE DEVELOPMENT
It is used for developing Prisms and single

curved surfaces like Cylinders, in which all the
edges/generation of lateral surfaces are parallel
in each other.
RADIAL-LINE DEVELOPMENT
It is employed for Pyramids and single curved

surfaces like Cones in which the apex is taken
as centre and the slant edge or generator as
radius of its development.
TRIANGULATION DEVELOPMENT
It is used for developing transition pieces.

 Transition pieces are usually made to
connect two different forms, such as round
pipes to square pipes.
 These transition pieces will usually
fit the definition of a non developable
surface that must be developed by an
approximation.
 This is done by assuming the surface to
be made from a series of triangular
surfaces laid side-by-side to form the
development.
 This form of development is known as
Triangulation
APPROXIMATE DEVELOPMENT
It is employed for double

curved surfaces like
Spheres, as they are
theoretically not possible to
develop. The surface of the
sphere is developed by
approximate method. When
the surface is cut by a series
of cutting planes, the cut
surfaces is called a zone.
EXAMPLES OF PARALLEL-LINE
DEVELOPMENT
Develop the surface of the cube of 1"
1"
1"
LEFT BOTTOM RIGHT TOP
2
Develop the surface of a triangular prism
3"
1"
1"
1
2
A hexagonal prism, edge of base 20 mm and axis 50 mm long, rests with its
base on H.P such that one of its rectangular faces is parallel to V.P. It is cut
by a plane perpendicular to V.P, inclined at 45o to H.P and passing through
the right corner of the top face of the prism. Draw the sectional top view
and develop the lateral surface of the truncated prism .
A B C D E F A
4 4
3 3 5
5
50 mm 2 2 6
6
1 1
1 1
45o
A1 B1 C1 D1 E1 F1 A1
AA/A1A1 = Perimeter of the Base of the Prism

AB/A1B1 = Base of the Prism
20 mm
EXAMPLES OF RADIAL-LINE
DEVELOPMENT
Develop the surface of a pyramid
C E
C E
B
A
D
A
C
1 B E
2
Draw the development of a cone of diameter 1.5" and
inclined height 2"
2 3
4
1
B 5
6
SIDE
2′ – 0" 7
8
D
A 10
O
11
1′ – 6"
AO = Radius of the base = 3/4"

BO = Inclined height of cone = 2"
Draw the development of a square pyramid from its plan and front
elevation which stands vertically on its base on H.P with one edge of
the base parallel to V.P.
O
O′
A′
SIDE
2"
TRUE LENGTH SIDE
SIDE
SIDE
D′
O
AB BC E C′
B′
D C
O E 1"
Take, OO′ = OE (True Length)
A B
1"
A cone of base 50 mm diameter and height 65 mm rests with its base on
H.P. It front elevation is cut by a plane at an angle to 30 o with horizontal
plane at 30 mm above base. Draw the development of the lateral surface
of the truncated cone.
L O  = 360o×r/L
4
65 mm 5
2 3 L 1

1 30o 8
1 A
7
30 mm 2 4 5 6
3
A H
G
B G
H F
C F
A E
O D
E
B D
C
Thank You

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CE 102: CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWING I

Mohammad Majharul Islam

“The development of surface of an

Metal Sheet Works

Every line on the development should show the true length of

True Length (OB/OE) O

It is used for developing Prisms and single

It is employed for Pyramids and single curved

It is used for developing transition pieces.

It is employed for double

LEFT BOTTOM RIGHT TOP

AA/A1A1 = Perimeter of the Base of the Prism

AO = Radius of the base = 3/4"

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