Prelim Lesson For Readings in Phil

• Is a school of thought that emerged
between 18th and 19th century .

• Requires empirical and observable
evidence before one can claim that a
particular knowledge is true
PRELIM LESSON FOR
READINGS IN PHIL.HISTORY
QUESTIONS AND ISSUES IN HISTORY
• NO DOCUMENT , NO HISTORY ?
- based on Positivism
External Criticism
External Criticism
 Materials used for evidence
 The quality of the paper
 Type of ink
 Language and words used in the materials
 Consistency with historical characteristic of
time when it was produced
External Criticism
 Has the original manuscript been altered either
intentionally or unintentionally by copying?
 Is the document an original or draft copy? If it is a
copy, was it reproduced in the exact words of the
original?
 If manuscript is undated or the author unknown,
are there any clues internally as its origin?
Internal Criticism
Internal Criticism
 What was meant by the author by each
word and statement?
 How much credibility can the author’s
be given?
 What was the author trying to say?
 How could the author’s words be
interpreted?
• Author source
• Its context
• Agenda behind creation
• Intended purpose
• Without thorough criticisms of
historical evidences , historical
deceptions and lies will be highly
probable.
INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
• CRITICAL ESSAY. Identify a primary source in Philippine
history from the examples provided in this chapter. Write
an essay discussing :
(1) the importance of text
(2) the background of the text’s author
(3) the context of the document
(4) The text’s contribution to understanding the Philippine
history
Timeline of Spanish Conquest
August 10, 1519 – The Spanish fleet led by Ferdinand Magellan sailed westward from
Spain to search for the Spice Islands on the other side of the world.
March 16, 1521 – The Spanish fleet arrived in the vicinity of Samar.
March 31 – The Spaniards celebrated a mass in the island of Limawasa, Leyte. The local
chiefs, Rajah Kolambu and Rajah Siagu, attended. The chiefs also made an alliance
with the Spaniards.
April 7 – The fleet visited the port of Cebu. They also made an alliance with Rajah
Humabon and baptized the Rajah, his wife, and their followers. Magellan gave the
statue of the Santo Nino to the Queen of Cebu as gift during the baptism.
April 27 – The Spaniards battled Lapu-Lapu, in behalf of Humabon, in nearby Mactan
island. Magellan was killed. The Spaniards withdrew and left Cebu and the Philippines.
• Example of revolting againts colonizers
• Diego Silang was known as an Ilocano who took
up his arms and led one of the longest running
revolts in the country.
• He also known as El Rey de Ilocos ( The King of
Ilocos)
Propaganda movements
• Led by Ilustrados like:
- Marcelo H. Del Pilar
- Graciano LÓpez Jaena
- Jose Rizal
Main aim
- Only demanded equal rights
- Representation
- Protection from abuses of the friars
• The original title of the document was “ Manga Aral Nang
Katipunan ng mga A.N.B.” or Lessons of the Organization
of the Sons of Country.”
• The document was written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896.
• He was only 18 years old when he joined the movement.
• Law student in Universidad de Santo Tomas
• He became the secretary of the organization and took
charge of the short-lived printing press of Katipunan.
• April 15 1897 , Bonifacio appointed him as a
commander of Katipunan in Northern Luzon.He
was 22 years old.
• He died in Malaria at a young age of 24 in the
town of Magdalena, Laguna.
Analysis of the Kartilya ng Katipunan
• -reaction and response to certain value systems that
they found despicable in the present state things that
they struggled against with
Example ( context of the Filipino)
4th and 13th rules are an invocation of the inherent
equality between and among men regardless of race,
occupation, or status.
Context of Spanish
• In the context of Spanish Colonial era where
Indios where treated inferior of the White
Europeans, the Katipunan saw it that the
alternative order that they wished to promulgate
through their revolution necessarily destroyed this
kind of unjust hierarchy.
Burgeoning rational and Liberal ideals
• Equality
• Tolerance
• Freedom
• Liberty
Were the values that first emerged in the 18th
century French Revolution.
Jacinto got an understanding about this values
Analysis
• Kartilya repeatedly emphasized the importance of
honor in words and in action.
• Women how to be treated with honor and
respect.
• Example:
Rule 10th and 11th
Analysis
• How one should treat his neighbor or how one
should develop and conduct one’s self. Both are
essentials to the success and fulfillment of the
Katipunan’s ideals.
• Example:
Rule no.7th and 9th
And no.12th
All in all
• Reveal more thorough understanding of
the Katipunan and the Significant role
that it played the revolution and in the
unfolding of the Phil.History , as we know
it.
GROUP WORK
Form five (5) groups. Find the following primary sources:
(1)The Laguna Copper Plate Inscription
(2)The poem,” Ang Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa”by Andres
Bonifacio
(3)The declation of Martial Law in 1972 by Ferdinand
Marcos
(4)The speech of KALIBAPI Acting Director Camilo Osias on 7
December 1943
(5)The 1935 Constitution
Guide Questions
1. What does the document/artifact say?
2. What was the provenance or source of
document/artifact?
3. Who authored it (if applicable)
4. What was the context of the primary
source’s production?

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• Is a school of thought that emerged

between 18th and 19th century .

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