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    Chapter 6 1

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    Keith Sales
    This chapter discusses the concept of broken symmetry. It begins with introductions to symmetry, types of symmetry like reflection and rotation, and examples of symmetry in nature. It then discusses individuals who studied broken symmetry like Belousov and Zhabotinskii. Their work showed how symmetry can spontaneously break in chemical reactions. The chapter explores how symmetry breaks in systems from the brain sending signals to the heart, to patterns in ponds. It examines symmetry in living organisms like viruses, starfish and flowers. The chapter concludes with discussing mathematician Ian Stewart's work on pattern formation.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter 6 1

    Uploaded by

    Keith Sales
    48 views46 pages
    This chapter discusses the concept of broken symmetry. It begins with introductions to symmetry, types of symmetry like reflection and rotation, and examples of symmetry in nature. It then discusses individuals who studied broken symmetry like Belousov and Zhabotinskii. Their work showed how symmetry can spontaneously break in chemical reactions. The chapter explores how symmetry breaks in systems from the brain sending signals to the heart, to patterns in ponds. It examines symmetry in living organisms like viruses, starfish and flowers. The chapter concludes with discussing mathematician Ian Stewart's work on pattern formation.

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    CHAPTER-6-1

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    This chapter discusses the concept of broken symmetry. It begins with introductions to symmetry, types of symmetry like reflection and rotation, and examples of symmetry in nature. It then discusses individuals who studied broken symmetry like Belousov and Zhabotinskii. Their work showed how symmetry can spontaneously break in chemical reactions. The chapter explores how symmetry breaks in systems from the brain sending signals to the heart, to patterns in ponds. It examines symmetry in living organisms like viruses, starfish and flowers. The chapter concludes with discussing mathematician Ian Stewart's work on pattern formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    48 views46 pages

    Chapter 6 1

    Uploaded by

    Keith Sales
    This chapter discusses the concept of broken symmetry. It begins with introductions to symmetry, types of symmetry like reflection and rotation, and examples of symmetry in nature. It then discusses individuals who studied broken symmetry like Belousov and Zhabotinskii. Their work showed how symmetry can spontaneously break in chemical reactions. The chapter explores how symmetry breaks in systems from the brain sending signals to the heart, to patterns in ponds. It examines symmetry in living organisms like viruses, starfish and flowers. The chapter concludes with discussing mathematician Ian Stewart's work on pattern formation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 46

    CHAPTER 6

    BROKEN SYMMETRY
    IT’S TIME TO
    LEARN!
    INTRODUCTION
    TO
    BROKEN
    SYMMETRY
    INTRODUCTI
    ON
    BROKENTO
    SYMMETRY
    CONTENTS
    Where and What
    01 INTRODUCTIO
    N 06 is Symmetries?
    02 WHO ARE
    THEY?
    07 Symmetry Breaking
    Geometric
    03 Transformation 08 Symmetry in Nature
    Examples of Symmetries
    04 WHO ARE
    THEY?
    09 in Living Organisms
    05 How it Works Ian Stewart and
    10 Pattern Information
    01 What is Symmetry?
    • Symmetry and imperfect Symmetry
    • Pierre and Marie Curie
    • Examples of Symmetry and Bilateral
    Symmetry
    01
    EXAMPLES PICTURES OF SYMMETRY AND
    IMPERFECT SYMMETRY
    01
    EXAMPLES PICTURES OF SYMMETRY AND
    IMPERFECT SYMMETRY
    01
    EXAMPLES PICTURES OF SYMMETRY AND
    IMPERFECT SYMMETRY
    02 Important Basic things to know
    • What is Image?
    • What is Reflection?
    • Symmetry of an Object
    • Kinds of Symmetry
    • Figure
    02
    WHAT
    is
    IMAGE?
    02 What is Reflection?
    Reflection is a mathematical concept, but it is not
    a shape, a number, or a formula.

    It is a transformation-that is, a rule for moving


    things around.
    02 Symmetry of an Object

    "A Symmetry of an object or system is any


    transformation that leaves it INVARIANT".
    02 Kinds of Symmetry

    There are many different kinds of symmetry. The most


    important ones are reflections, rotations, and translations or
    less formally, flips, turns, and slides. If you take an object in
    the plane, pick it up, and flip it over onto its back, you get the
    same effect as if you had reflected it in a suitable mirror.
    02 FIGURE
    03 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION
    03 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION
    03 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION
    03 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION
    03 GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATION
    04 Who are they?
    • Pebble and Pond
    • 1958 Russian Chemist B.P Belousov
    • 1963 Russian Chemist A.M Zhabontinskii
    • Jack Cohen & Arthur Winfree
    • Experiment
    04 The Individuals

    Boris Pavlovich Belousov Anatol Markovich Zhabotinskii


    04 The Individuals
    Jack Cohen Arthur Winfree
    05 HOW IT WORKS
    • Brain sends electrical signal to the heart
    • B-z reaction the symmetry breaks spontaneously
    • In liquid, there are always tiny bits of dust, or bubbles
    or even just molecules
    • We can see symmetric patterns in nature
    • Methane molecule
    • Benzene
    • Buckminsterfullerene
    06 What and Where is Symmetries
    • We can find symmetries in cellular structure
    • Viruses are often symmetric
    • Nature exhibits symmetries
    07 SYMMETRY BREAKING
    • Symmetry breaking is a principle.
    Because our world is a dynamic
    thermodynamic system. Where
    there is always constant change in
    our daily lives caused by all forms
    of energy.
    07 SYMMETRY BREAKING
    • The symmetry of the pond is so
    extensive-every point on its
    surface being equivalent to each
    other that we do not recognize it as
    being a pattern. Instead, we see it
    as bland uniformity.
    08
    Symmetry
    in
    Nature
    08 Symmetry in Nature
    • The symmetries we observe in nature
    are broken traces of the grand, universal
    symmetries of our mass-produced
    universe
    08 Symmetry in Nature
    08 Symmetry in Nature
    Examples of Symmetries in Living
    09 Organisms

    • Icosahedral
    • Viruses
    • Starfish
    • Flowers
    • Bee Grubs
    Examples of Symmetries in Living
    09 Organisms

    • Viruses
    • Starfish
    • Flowers
    • Bee Grubs
    Examples of Symmetries in Living
    09 Organisms

    • Starfish
    • Flowers
    • Bee Grubs
    Examples of Symmetries in Living
    09 Organisms

    • Viruses
    • Starfish
    • Flowers
    • Bee Grubs
    Examples of Symmetries in Living
    09 Organisms
    MIRROR SYMMETRY
    10 Ian Stewart and Pattern Formation
    • Ian Stewart visualized and idea mathematical
    universe
    • The basic process of pattern formation.
    Ian Stewart and Pattern Formation
    We Appreciate
    Your
    Attention!
    THANK YOU
    FOR
    LISTENING!
    Sources
    https://biologydictionary.net/bilateral-symmetry/

    https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/knowledge-archive/science/s
    nowflakes/
    https://images.app.goo.gl/afzm9LAotG7SAAz26
    https://images.app.goo.gl/Wu8bEm6hYNpiH9wo8
    https://alchetron.com/Anatol-Zhabotinsky
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Winfree
    Sources

    https://www.google.com/search?q=+Our+brain+sends+electrical+s
    ignals+to+our+heart+which+triggers+some+of+the+muscle+fibers
    +in+our+heart+then+affects+the+muscle+fibers+next+to+them+w
    hich+create+a+ripple+effect+just+like+ripple+on+the+pond+and+
    that%27s+how+our+heart+beats+normally.&tbm=isch&ved=2ahU
    KEwiKtcadpcTyAhUrIqYKHScwCmUQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=+O
    ur+brain+sends+electrical+signals+to+our+heart+which+triggers+
    some+of+the+muscle+fibers+in+our+heart+then+affects+the+mus
    Sources
    https://thebiologist.rsb.org.uk/biologist-interviews/162-biologist/bi
    ologist-interviews/698-jack-cohen-the-science-in-science-fiction

    https://www.google.com/search?q=+b-z+reaction&tbm=isch&ved
    =2ahUKEwixqbGypcTyAhVxzYsBHWMgDooQ2-cCegQIABAA
    &oq=+b-z+reaction&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJ1CX8wFYl
    _MBYO73AWgAcAB4AIABtgGIAbYBkgEDMC4xmAEAoAEB
    qgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=nRUiYfHmBfG
    ar7wP48C40Ag&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=1xOUrgUVvrr5EM
    Sources

    https://www.google.com/search?q=methane+molecule&tbm=isch
    &ved=2ahUKEwjGl_TDpcTyAhURA6YKHZ8ACboQ2-cCegQIA
    BAA&oq=methane+molecule&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJz
    IFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgA
    EIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABF
    DSuAFY0rgBYPS-AWgAcAB4AIABhgGIAYYBkgEDMC4xmA
    EAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=wRUi
    YYazM5GGmAWfgaTQCw&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=52Na5
    OFKmqrHZM
    Sources

    https://www.google.com/search?q=buckminsterfullerene&tbm=isch&ved
    =2ahUKEwjKmMjdpcTyAhXsGKYKHb-MCRMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq
    =buckminsterfullerene&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIECCMQJzIFCAAQgAQ
    yBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABDIFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABD
    IFCAAQgAQyBQgAEIAEMgUIABCABFDpjQFY6Y0BYMaSAWgAc
    AB4AIABzwGIAc8BkgEDMi0xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfA
    AQE&sclient=img&ei=9xUiYYrBJ-yxmAW_maaYAQ&bih=625&biw=
    1366#imgrc=PZm7zBofuXckPM
    https://www.google.com/search?q=mirror%20reflection%20cli
    part&tbm=isch&hl=en&client=ms-android-oppo-rev1&prmd=i
    vn&sa=X&ved=0CDcQrNwCKAJqFwoTCLD03_DIwvICFQ
    Sources
    https://images.app.goo.gl/afzm9LAotG7SAAz26

    https://images.app.goo.gl/Wu8bEm6hYNpiH9wo8

    https://youtu.be/VvBqWeDVqbs
    https://youtu.be/vQ2-o2Oj3WQ

    https://www.deccanherald.com/science-and-environment/whats
    -the-matter-with-the-universe-scientists-have-the-answer-8950
    35.html
    Sources
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    &fbclid=IwAR3qoinajrXsiQfeb1M_jj1N6jQElcp4SrUOfyzXHABmSm
    7VakDC3oWzgzY

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