Lesson 1 Nature and Process of Communication

Nature, Elements, and
Process of Communication
Oral Communication in Context
“The great thing is to
know when to speak and
when to keep quiet.”
Why is communication important to people?
1. Relate an experience where a problem arose because you
or someone else did not communicate. What happened as a
result of the failure to communicate? Did the restoration of
communication help resolve the problem? If so, how?
2. How do you feel when someone you know refuses to talk
to you? Why do you think communication is an important
need for humans?
What seems to be the problem in sending
the message?
What is Communication?
• Communication is an important human need.
• It is the transmission of ideas and emotions between or among
persons with the use of verbal and nonverbal cues.
• The word communication comes from the Latin word communis,
which means “common.”
• Communication helps people adapt to or survive in the place
they live in.
Why Effective Communication
Matters?
• Interaction is not possible without communication.
• We did not have to communicate nor were we taught the
nature, types, and elements of communication, yet
communicate like we breathe.
• We do not need to learn about the communication process to
be communicative.
Why do we need to learn about
communication?
• By learning about communication—its nature, elements, yes,
and more—we are able to improve our ability to
communicate.
• Developing insight into communication makes us better
communicators.
• As we become better communicators, we are able to improve
our relationships and achieve our goals in life.
What is the important societal benefit
of good communication?
Good communication makes us better
people, better people produce a better
world.
What are the economic benefit of good
communication?
• One of the skills employers look for in job applicants is good
or even excellent in communication skills.
• In the course of your studies, you probably have experienced
encountering difficulties that arise from an inability between
groupmates or classmates to communicate well.
• Communication is also an essential skill in leadership.
How communication works?
Communication is a process
It starts with a
stimulus, which is
an idea or
concept that the
sender has and
would like to
convey.
There may, however, be a breakdown in the communication
process. This breakdown in the process may happen because of
noise, which is any barrier or hindrance that obstructs the
understanding of the message.
What are the Elements of
Communication?
Elements of Communication
1. Participants: Sender and Receiver
2. Context
3. Messages
4. Channel
5. Feedback
Participants/ Communicators
• Senders convey message by converting their thoughts into
symbols or observable signals such as words. This is called
codification.
• Codification is the process of converting thoughts into symbols

or observable signals such as words.
Participants/ Communicators
• Receivers hear the signals and convert the symbols into their thoughts.
This called decoding, deciphering, or interpretation.
• Decoding is the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound

relationships, including knowledge of letter patterns, to correctly
pronounce written words.
• Deciphering converts (a text written in code, or a coded signal) into
normal language.
• Interpretation is the action of explaining the meaning of something.
Context
• This refers to the interrelated conditions that
affect the message.
• These include physical, psychological, social,
and cultural factors.
Physical context
It refers to the place, time, environment, and distance between
communicators
Example:
The way you communicate with your sibling when there is no one
around may be different from the way you communicate with
each other when other people are present.
Social context
It refers to the relationship of the communicators.
Example:
The way you communicate with a person of authority that you
have only just met is different from the way you speak with
someone who has been a close friend of yours for years.
Psychological Context
It refers to the moods and feelings of the communicators. Think
of the moments when your mood or feelings made you
communicate differently.
Example:
When you are sad or angry, for example, you might say things
that you would not say if you were happy.
Cultural Context
It includes the beliefs and norms of the participants. This comes into
play when you are speaking with someone who is of a different gender,
age, social status, religion, or nationality.
Example:
When speaking with an exchange student from Japan, for example,
you may need to explain some Filipino terms you use in a
conversation, terms that you do not need to explain to a fellow Filipino.
Message
• Messages are the ideas or thought that are transmitted from
sender to receiver. They are the result of the interpretation of
symbols, when meaning is derived from observable signals.
• This is the main point of having communication.
• Thus, it is important for the message tobe clear and
understandable to the receiver.
What are verbal and nonverbal
communication?
Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
• Symbols are observable signals transmitted from sender to
receiver. They can be spoken signals that are heard (spoken
words), printed symbols that can be read (printed words), hand
signals that are seen (sign language), or even symbols that are
felt (Braille writing for the blind)
• Symbols do not have meaning in themselves. It depends on the
receiver what meaning comes to his or her mind.
• In order for the right message to be transmitted, the receiver must
be able to do two things—observe and interpret the symbols sent
by the sender correctly.
• Incorrectly observing the signal can result in the wrong symbol
being received by the receiver. Incorrectly interpreting the symbol
will result in the wrong thought decoded by the receiver from the
symbols.
• Verbal communication refers to the use of words or speech in
sending messages and transmitting ideas or feelings. The
communicators make use of language in order to convey what
they would like others to know.
• For example, the words in a conversation are considered verbal
communication or verbal cues.
• Nonverbal communication, on the other hand, refers to the
act of expressing ideas in ways that do not involve or go beyond
using words.
• Body language, appearance, voice, and environment are some
of the nonverbal cues that greatly affect the meaning of one’s
message.
Various Types of Nonverbal
Communication
1. Proxemics
2. Kinesics
3. Chronemics
4. Paralanguage
5. Haptics
This refers to how the space
Proxemics or distance between the
sender and the receiver
affects their communication.
This includes intimate distance
1.(less than 6 inches to 18 inches),
for embracing, touching, or
whispering; personal distance
2. (1.5 to 4 feet), which is for
interacting with good friends or
family; social distance
3. (4 to 12 feet), which is for
interacting with acquaintances, and
public distance
4. (12 to 25 feet or more), which is
used for public speaking.
Kinesics
This refers to the use of
body language in
communication. This
includes gestures, eye
contact, and facial
expressions.
Chronemics
This refers to the role of
time in the
communication process.
Since various cultures
may have different
perceptions of time
when it comes to
punctuality or in
interactions, chronemics
may greatly affect
communication.
Paralanguage
• This refers to the tone,
speed, and volume of
a speaker’s voice.
Sighs and gasps are
also considered as
paralanguage.
Haptics
This refers to the use of
touch to convey meaning
in a conversation. This is
often dependent on
culture. In some countries,
friendly touching is
encouraged, but in others,
it is considered an
invasion of one’s personal
space.
Channel
• Channel refers to the medium
through which the message is sent.
It connects the sender and the
receiver. When the sender uses a
microphone, or other device, then
that becomes part of the channel.
The quality of a channel depends
on how free it is of noise.
• Noise is anything that reduces the
quality of the signal sent by the
sender through the channel,
weakening the communication
between the sender and receiver.
Feedback
Feedback refers to
the message
transmitted by the
receiver in response
to the message of
the speaker.
Values Integration
When communicating with others, how

do you make sure that you are able to
convey your message effectively
regardless of the context of
communication you are in?
Activity : Communication Process
 Design a diagram or an info graph showing your
understanding on how communication takes place.
 Include a short description of the components of your model.
 Mention any special feature or characteristic of your model.
 Discuss your model in class.

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Nature, Elements, and

• Codification is the process of converting thoughts into symbols

• Decoding is the ability to apply your knowledge of letter-sound

When communicating with others, how

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