Numbers and Number Sense

Numbers and Number Sense
Day 3
Ratio
Definition:
Ratio
• is the quantitative relation between two amounts
showing the number of times one value contains
or is contained within the other.
• indicates how many times one number contains

another.
Examples:
• If a box contains six red marbles and four blue
marbles, the ratio of red marbles to blue marbles
is 6 to 4, also written 6:4.
• If there are eight oranges and six lemons in a

bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons
is eight to six (that is, 8∶6, which is equivalent
to the ratio 4∶3).
Problems Involving Ratio
Problem 1.
A recipe calls for butter and sugar in the ratio 2:3 . If you're using 6 cups of
butter, how many cups of sugar should you use?
Solution:
The ratio 2:3 means that for every 2 cups of butter, you should use 3 cups of
sugar. Here you're using 6 cups of butter, or 3 times as much.
So you need to multiply the amount of sugar by 3. So, 3 x 3=9. You need to
use 9 cups of sugar.
You can think of this in terms of equivalent fractions : 2 : 3 = 6 : 9

Problem 2.
Suppose a math class starts at the beginning of the school year with 12 boys
and 8 girls. However, after school resumes in January, 6 new boys and 4 new
girls came to the class. Is the ratio of boys to total number of students in the
class still the same?
Solution:
Ratio of boys to total number of students at the beginning of the school year
is 12/20 or 3/5 in simplest form.
Ratio of boys to total number of students after school resumes in January is

(12 + 6)/(20 + 10) = 18/30 or 3/5 in simplest form.
Therefore, the ratio is still the same.

Try This!
Solve
the following problems:
1. A geometry test has 30 questions. 6 of the 30 questions are based on
chapter 5. What is the ratio of questions from chapter 5 to the other questions
on the test?
2. Solve the following using this ratio:
a. If you use 75 grams of stone, how many milliliters of room temperature

water are needed?
b. If you use 40 milliliters of water, how many grams of dental stone are
needed?
Fraction, Mixed Numbers
and Decimals
Fractions
Definition:
Fraction- a numerical quantity that isnot a whole
number. (e.g. 1/2 or 0.5 )
Mixed Number- a number consisting of integer and

a proper fraction. ( e.g. 2 1/3 )
Decimal-a number whose whole number part and

the fractional part is separated by a decimal point.
The dot in a decimal number is called a decimal
point. The digits following the decimal point show
a value smaller than one.
Perform Operations on Fractions
Addition and Subtraction
To add or subtract fractions they must have the same
denominator.
Addition and Subtraction with the same denominators
If
the denominators are already the same then it is just a matter of either
adding or subtracting the numerators.
Addition: + Example: + =
Subtration: Example: - =
Addition and Subtraction with different denominators
If
the denominators are different then a common denominator need to be
found. This is most easily done by creating a common denominator that is
the product of the two differing denominators.
Addition: + Example: + = +
Subtration: Example: =
Multiplication
To multiply fractions simply multiply the numerators

and multiply the denominators. Then, simplify the
result.
Multiplication:
Example: =
Division
To divide one fraction by another we must flip the

second fraction and then multliply with the first. Then,
simplify the result.
Division: =
Example: = =
Try This!
Perform
the indicated operation.
1. +
2. =
3. = x =
4. = =
11
1
1 6
Perform Operations on
Mixed Numbers
Adding and Subtracting Mixed Numbers
Step 1. Convert all mixed numbers into improper fractions.

Step 2. Check! Do they have a common denominator? If not,
find a common denominator.

Step 3. When necessary, create equivalent fractions.
Step 4. Add or subtract the numerators and keep the
denominator the same.
Step 5. If the answer is an improper form, reduce the fraction
into a mixed number.
Example
1. Subtract the fractions
=
Alternative
solution:
=
= 1+
= 1+
= =1
Thus, the difference is .

Example
2. Add the fraction + .
+ =
Alternative
solution:
= + =
= 7+
=+ = 7+
=
==8 =8
Multiplication
Multiplying Mixed Numbers
Step 1. Change all the mixed numbers to improper fractions.
Step 2. Reduce the fraction.
Step 3. Cross out any common factors.
Step 4. Multiply the numerators together and the enomiantors
together.
Step 5. Reduce the answer to lowest form.
Example
3: Find the product of 3 .
= = or 2
Division
Dividing Mixed Numbers
Step 1. Here are the steps for dividing mixed numbers.
Step 2. Change each mixed number to an improper fraction.
Step 3. Multiply by the reciprocal of the divisor, simplifying if possible.
Step 4. Put answer in lowest terms.
Step 5. Check to be sure the answer makes sense.
Example
4: Find the product of 3 .
3 = = = or 1
Try This!
Perform
1. +
2. 7 =
3. =
4. =
Perform Operations on
Decimals
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
Step 1. Line up the decimal points vertically. Fill in any 0’s where
necessary
Step 2. Add or subtract the numbers as if they were whole numbers.
Step 3. Place the decimal point in the sum or difference so that it lines up
vertically with the numbers being added or subtracted.
Example 1. Add 0.56 + 9 + 6.287.

 line up the decimal points vertically and fill in 0’s.
0.560
+ 9.000
6.287
15.847
Adding and Subtracting Decimals
Example
2. Subtract
6.000
1.895
4.105
Example 3. Subtract 7.65 from 11.4.
11.40
7.65
3.75
Multiplication
Multiplying Decimals
Step 1. Multiplying the number as if there is no decimal point.
Step 2. After finding the product, count the number of
decimal places of the factors. The number of the decimal
places of the product is the same as the number of the decimal
places of the factors.
Example
4: Find the product of .
9.6 The number of a decimal places in the

factors is 1, so the product has only 1 decimal place.
Division
Dividing Decimals
Step 1. Move the decimal point of the divisor to the right, making it a
whole.
Step 2. Move the decimal point of the dividend to the right, in the same
number as the decimal places in the divisor.
Step 3. Bring the decimal point right up the quotient, then divide
Example
5: Divide 0.82.
0.82
5.25
82
410
205
164
410
410
0
Try This!
Perform
1.
2. 47.65 - 3.8 =
3. =
4. 86.8 =
Applications
Homework:
Solve
• the following problems:
1. The sum of the two numbers is . If one of the numbers is , find the
other.
2. of a pole is in the mud. When of this part is pulled out, meters of
the pole is still in the mud. What is the full length of the pole?
3. A new washing machine used 2.47 liters of water per full load to
clean clothes. If Jomar washed 4.7 loads of clothes, how many liters of
water he did use?
Thank you for attending the
third meeting of Pisay
EDGE in Mathematics.
See you tomorrow!

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Numbers and Number Sense

• indicates how many times one number contains

• If there are eight oranges and six lemons in a

You can think of this in terms of equivalent fractions : 2 : 3 = 6 : 9

Ratio of boys to total number of students after school resumes in January is

Therefore, the ratio is still the same.

2. Solve the following using this ratio:

a. If you use 75 grams of stone, how many milliliters of room temperature

Mixed Number- a number consisting of integer and

Decimal-a number whose whole number part and

To multiply fractions simply multiply the numerators

To divide one fraction by another we must flip the

Step 1. Convert all mixed numbers into improper fractions.

find a common denominator.

Thus, the difference is .

Example 1. Add 0.56 + 9 + 6.287.

Example 3. Subtract 7.65 from 11.4.

9.6 The number of a decimal places in the

See you tomorrow!

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