Biological Macromolecules

GOOD AFTERNON!
FOOD
• is a source of molecules that are needed for

life. These are biological molecules. What you
eat contains biomolecules. There are four
biological molecules that make up all of life.
WORD HUNT
LOOK FOR THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN THE PUZZLE RELATED TO
MACROMOLECULES.
BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES
BIOLOGICAL
MACROMOLECULES
• are large, organic molecule such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids. Most of them are organic
compounds and the functional group
determines their chemical properties.
• Biomolecules have a huge variety of

functions, such as energy storage,
protection, etc.
TERMS TO REMEMBER
CARBOHYDRATES
• The word carbohydrate may be broken down to carbon and

hydrate, and this is due to the fact that most carbohydrates follow
the formula Cn(H2O)n.
• Another term for carbohydrate is saccharide. Carbohydrates are
classified either as simple or complex. Simple sugars are
monosaccharide and disaccharides. Complex sugars are
polysaccharides.
CARBOHYDRATES
• Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the

human body. The different saccharides that humans eat
are converted to ATP which can be readily used by the
body. The excess carbohydrates taken into the body is
converted to glycogen that is stored in the liver and in
muscles.
Lipids or fats are important
nutrients in your body but eating
too much unhealthy fats such as
LIPIDS OR saturated fats and trans fats can
FATS lead to heart disease and obesity.
Lipids also serve other functions
such as material for cell
membrane, insulation to maintain
body temperature, aid in
digestion, and as signal molecules.
LIPIDS
• There are different common classifications of lipids: triglyceride, phospholipid, wax, and
steroid. The lipid family is one of the most varied in terms of structure but they share the
common property - being insoluble in water. Fat and oil are the most common examples of
lipids. They are under triglycerides because they are composed of glycerol and three fatty
acids.
• Fat refers to solid triglyceride usually from animal sources such as meat, milk, butter,
margarine, eggs, and cheese. Oil refers to liquid triglycerides from plant sources. Examples
are olive oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil. Animal fats contain high percentages
of saturated fatty acids while plant oils are mostly unsaturated fatty acids.
PROTEINS
• Proteins are composed of four elements, namely:

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Sulfur is
sometimes also found in proteins. If carbohydrates are
made up of saccharides, proteins are made up of amino
acids.
EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS ARE:
• a) Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails.

• b) Fibroin / Silk protein - Fibroin is found in silk. Silk has a smooth and soft
texture. It is one of the strongest natural fibers that have high resistance to
deformation. It is also a good insulating material.
EXAMPLES OF ENZYMES
• a) Lipase - help in digestion of fats

• b) Pepsin - help in breaking down proteins into peptides (smaller units)
• c) Sucrase - also called invertase; help in the digestion of sugars and starches
• d) Myoglobin is a polypeptide that stores oxygen in muscles. It contains a heme group
which has an iron where the oxygen is stored.
• Proteins
• They are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur. Proteins
are made up of amino acids combined through a dehydration link
• called a peptide bond.
• Monomer: amino acid
• Nucleic Acids
• Nucleic acids play an essential role in the storage, transfer, and expression of genetic information. Nucleic acid
was discovered by a 24-year old Swiss physician named Friedrich Miescher in 1868. He was puzzled that an
unknown substance in white blood cells did not resemble carbohydrates, proteins, or lipids. He was able to isolate
the substance from the nucleus and initially called it nuclein. He eventually was able to break down nuclein into
protein and nucleic acids. He found out that nucleic acids contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and
phosphorus.
• The most common examples of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA
is a nucleic acid that carries the genetic code of organisms. It is fondly termed as the blueprint of life. RNA, on
another hand, carries the information from the DNA to the cellular factories for the synthesis of proteins called
ribosome. If carbohydrates are composed of saccharide units and proteins of amino acids, nucleic acids are
composed of nucleotides. Nucleic acids are also known as polynucleotides.
• Three parts of nucleotide:
• 1. Nitrogenous base
• 2. Five-carbon carbohydrate or sugar
• 3. Phosphate group
• Nucleic Acids
• They are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
• Monomer: nucleotide
• Examples: DNA and RNA
• Function:
• DNA carries the genetic code of organisms
• RNA, carries the information from the DNA to ribosomes to produce proteins
• Structures of the Different Biomolecules
• Remember this mnemonic device of biomolecules: CHO CHO CHON CHONP
• C stands for the element Carbon
• H stands for the element Hydrogen
• O stands for the element Oxygen
• N stands for the element Nitrogen
• P stands for the element Phosphorus
ACTIVITY 10
MEAL PLAN
• Directions: Come up with a three – day healthy meal plan for a teenager like you using
the table template below. Make sure that you choose the right kind of food containing
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.
• Three – Day Meal Plan
ACTIVITY 11 MAZE RUNNER
• Direction: On a clean sheet of paper, answer the following questions.

Biological Macromolecules

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biological Macromolecules

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Biological Macromolecules

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GOOD AFTERNON!

• is a source of molecules that are needed for

• Biomolecules have a huge variety of

• The word carbohydrate may be broken down to carbon and

• Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy in the

• Proteins are composed of four elements, namely:

• a) Keratin is a structural protein found in hair, skin, and nails.

• a) Lipase - help in digestion of fats

• Direction: On a clean sheet of paper, answer the following questions.

You might also like