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    Physical Science Week 1

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    Mikee Magss
    The document discusses big bang nucleosynthesis and stellar nucleosynthesis. During big bang nucleosynthesis, the early universe was hot enough for protons and neutrons to fuse into the light elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium. As the universe expanded and cooled, fusion stopped and no heavier elements were formed. Heavier elements are formed through stellar nucleosynthesis, where nuclear fusion occurs inside stars as they evolve and die, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones over millions of years. This process is responsible for most chemical elements present in the universe today.

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    Physical Science Week 1

    Uploaded by

    Mikee Magss
    52 views74 pages
    The document discusses big bang nucleosynthesis and stellar nucleosynthesis. During big bang nucleosynthesis, the early universe was hot enough for protons and neutrons to fuse into the light elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium. As the universe expanded and cooled, fusion stopped and no heavier elements were formed. Heavier elements are formed through stellar nucleosynthesis, where nuclear fusion occurs inside stars as they evolve and die, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones over millions of years. This process is responsible for most chemical elements present in the universe today.

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    PHYSICAL SCIENCE WEEK 1.pptx

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    The document discusses big bang nucleosynthesis and stellar nucleosynthesis. During big bang nucleosynthesis, the early universe was hot enough for protons and neutrons to fuse into the light elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium. As the universe expanded and cooled, fusion stopped and no heavier elements were formed. Heavier elements are formed through stellar nucleosynthesis, where nuclear fusion occurs inside stars as they evolve and die, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones over millions of years. This process is responsible for most chemical elements present in the universe today.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    52 views74 pages

    Physical Science Week 1

    Uploaded by

    Mikee Magss
    The document discusses big bang nucleosynthesis and stellar nucleosynthesis. During big bang nucleosynthesis, the early universe was hot enough for protons and neutrons to fuse into the light elements hydrogen, helium, and lithium. As the universe expanded and cooled, fusion stopped and no heavier elements were formed. Heavier elements are formed through stellar nucleosynthesis, where nuclear fusion occurs inside stars as they evolve and die, fusing lighter elements into heavier ones over millions of years. This process is responsible for most chemical elements present in the universe today.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 74

    PHYSICAL

    SCIENCE
    (Quarter 3 – module 1)
    Lesson 1

    FORMATION OF LIGHT
    ELEMENTS IN THE EARLY
    UNIVERSE
    (BIGBANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS)
    Learning
    I.
    objectives:
    Explain the formation of light elements in
    the Big bang theory. (Hydrogen, Helium,
    Lithium, and Beryllium)
    What is it

    BIGBANG THEORY
    • Explain the primordial creation and expansion of space at the
    beginning of time.
    • The most widely accepted theory that the vast universe grew out
    of something where all matter and energy were compressed to
    infinite density and heated to trillions of degrees.
    • After the explosion, the universe is field with quarks that form
    protons and neutrons.
    What is it

    What is big bang nucleosynthesis?


    • Nucleosynthesis refers to the process of creating new
    atomic nuclei from ore-existing nucleons primarily protons
    and neutrons.

    PROTON neutrons
    S
    What is it

    What is big bang nucleosynthesis?


    • The big bang theory predicts that the universe is a very hot
    place, to the extent that the proton and neutrons are
    destroyed during collisions.
    • As the universe expands, it cools. The temperature
    decreases to the point that it is enough that the protons and
    neutrons combine. It is where the big bang nucleosynthesis
    started.
    What is it

    + = deuteron
    PROTO neutron
    N
    Note:
    • The identity of an atom comes from the number of proton
    in its nucleus.
    neutron deuteron triton
    isotopes
    • Has the same number of proton
    but differ in the number of
    neutron.
    Helium isotope
    LITHIUM
    =

    • How many protons and neutrons are formed in the


    nucleus?
    • What element is formed?
    What is it

    • Since Lithium (Li) and Beryllium (Be) are heavier it


    requires a lot of energy to formed, that’s the reason why
    there’s only a portion of these elements in the universe
    compared to hydrogen and helium.
    • The universe is composed of 75% Hydrogen (H) and 25%
    Helium (He).
    What is it

    • Light from distant galaxies are from glowing elements


    which emits spectra of a particular frequencies primarily
    Hydrogen and Helium.
    • Since the universe continues expands minutes after
    minutes of the explosion, the temperature continuously
    drops making the particle unable to combine due to the
    insufficient amount of energy.
    What is it

    • Particles bounces back after collision and no more


    elements are formed.
    What is it

    How do the heavier elements


    form after the bigbang?
    what’s new

    Stellar word puzzle


    • Directions: Encircle and write down the words
    which are related to star and element formation.
    In addition, expand your vocabulary by finding
    the meaning of the encircled words and relate
    them to your prior knowledge.
    what is it?

    Formation of heavier elements during star


    formation and evolution
    • Started millions of years after the big
    bang explosion.
    • A vast cloud of gas and dust collapsed
    due to gravity. (NEBULA)
    • Hundred thousand years later,
    gravity pulled the clouds together
    creating a PROTOSTAR.
    what is it?

    PROTOSTAR
    • In the center, where molecules crushed
    together, pressure and temperature rises.
    • the protostar becomes hot enough for
    nuclear fusion to occur starting the process
    of STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS.
    what is it?

    STELLAR NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
    • A process by which elements are
    formed within the stars as a
    result of NUCLEAR FUSION.
    what is it?

    Nuclear fusion
    • The process by which multiple
    nuclei joined together to form a
    heavier elements.
    • Stars are composed primarily of
    hydrogen, the first fusion
    process occurs at the hydrogen
    core of stars with the
    temperature of 15 million
    Kelvin.
    • Nuclear fusion releases
    tremendous amount of light,
    heat, and radioactive energy.
    • Our sun is about 4.5 to 5 billion
    years old.
    • The heat that we get from the
    sun is the result of nuclear
    fusion of hydrogen to create
    helium.
    • Since helium is heavier the
    hydrogen, and as more and more
    hydrogen burned into helium,
    the core of its star become
    comprise of helium as hydrogen
    is depleted.
    • The temperature increases to
    100 million kelvin, the star
    thermal pressure causes it to
    push out the gas.
    • The star becomes RED GIANT.
    what is it?

    Nuclear fusion process under red giant

    • Triple Alpha Process


    • Carbon Fusion Cycle o CNO cycle
    • Alpha Ladder
    Thank you! 
    Prepared by:
    Melody b. magtarayo

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