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    Fundamental of Electrical Circuits Lecture-1

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    Abdulalaziz Altabsh
    This document provides information about the Fundamentals of Electric Circuits course (ENEE 305) including: - The instructor is Dr. Mohd Najim and the course meets twice a week for lectures and three hours a week for lab. - The textbook is Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by C. Alexander and M. Sadiku, 5th edition. - Grading is based on homework, quizzes, a midterm, laboratory, and a final exam.

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    Fundamental of Electrical Circuits Lecture-1

    Uploaded by

    Abdulalaziz Altabsh
    46 views15 pages
    This document provides information about the Fundamentals of Electric Circuits course (ENEE 305) including: - The instructor is Dr. Mohd Najim and the course meets twice a week for lectures and three hours a week for lab. - The textbook is Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by C. Alexander and M. Sadiku, 5th edition. - Grading is based on homework, quizzes, a midterm, laboratory, and a final exam.

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    Fundamental of electrical circuits Lecture-1

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    This document provides information about the Fundamentals of Electric Circuits course (ENEE 305) including: - The instructor is Dr. Mohd Najim and the course meets twice a week for lectures and three hours a week for lab. - The textbook is Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by C. Alexander and M. Sadiku, 5th edition. - Grading is based on homework, quizzes, a midterm, laboratory, and a final exam.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    46 views15 pages

    Fundamental of Electrical Circuits Lecture-1

    Uploaded by

    Abdulalaziz Altabsh
    This document provides information about the Fundamentals of Electric Circuits course (ENEE 305) including: - The instructor is Dr. Mohd Najim and the course meets twice a week for lectures and three hours a week for lab. - The textbook is Fundamentals of Electric Circuits by C. Alexander and M. Sadiku, 5th edition. - Grading is based on homework, quizzes, a midterm, laboratory, and a final exam.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Faculty of Engineering

    Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department

    Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (ENEE 305)

    1
    Fundamentals of Electric Circuits (ENEE 305)
    Instructor: Dr. Mohd Najim
    Email: [email protected]
    Time Distribution: 50 minutes - 2 Lectures / week, 3 hours Lab / week
    Lectures Times: 11:00 – 11:50 am - (Sunday – Tuesday)
    Office Hours: 12 – 1 pm (Sunday – Tuesday) (#4, NJ16)
    Grading Plan: Letter Grade
    Credits: 3.0

    2
    3
    4
    Textbook

    C. Alexander and M. Sadiku, Fundamentals of Electric Circuits,


    McGraw-Hill, 5th edition

    Grading System
    Homework and in class exercises 10%
    Quizzes 10%
    Midterm 20%
    Laboratory 20%
    Final 40%
    Total 100%

    5
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.1 Introduction
    An electric circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements.

    We will study some basic concepts such as charge, current, voltage, circuit elements, power,
    and energy.

    6
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.2 Systems of Units
    International System of Units (SI), adopted by the
    General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1960

    For example, the following are expressions of the same


    distance in meters (m):
    600,000,000 mm 600,000 m 600 km

    7
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists,
    measured in coulombs (C).
    Matter → atoms → consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
    Electron (e) charge = - 1.602 X 10-19 c, Proton charge = + 1.602 X 10-19 c.
    The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged.
    In 1 C of charge = 6.24 X 1018 electrons.
    The law of conservation of charge states that charge can neither be created nor destroyed,
    only transferred. Thus the algebraic sum of the electric charges in a system does not
    change.
    8
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    The motion of charges creates electric current. It is conventional to take the current flow as the movement of
    positive charges. That is, opposite to the flow of negative charges, as Fig. 1.3 illustrates. This convention
    was introduced by Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), the American scientist and inventor. Although we now
    know that current in metallic conductors is due to negatively charged electrons, we will follow the
    universally accepted convention that current is the net flow of positive charges.

    9
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Electric current is the time rate of change of charge, 1 ampere = 1 coulomb/second
    measured in amperes (A).
    The charge transferred between time t0 and t is obtained as:

    A direct current (dc) flows only in one direction and An alternating current (ac) is a current that changes direction
    can be constant or time varying. with respect to time.
    10
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Example 1.2
    The total charge entering a terminal is given by q = 5t sin 4𝜋t mC.
    Calculate the current at t = 0.5 s.

    i= dq/dt = d(5t sin 4𝜋t)/dt mC/s = (5 sin 4𝜋t + 20𝜋t cos 4𝜋t) mA

    At t = 0.5,

    i = 5 sin 2𝜋 + 10𝜋 cos 2𝜋 = 0 + 10𝜋 = 31.42 mA

    11
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Example 1.2
    The total charge entering a terminal is given by q = 5t sin 3𝜋t mC.
    Calculate the current at t = 0.6 s.

    12
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Example 1.2
    The total charge entering a terminal is given by q = 5t sin 3𝜋t mC.
    Calculate the current at t = 0.6 s.

    i= dq/dt = d(5t sin 3𝜋t)/dt mC/s = (5 sin 3𝜋t + 15𝜋t cos 3𝜋t) mA

    At t = 0.6,

    i = 5 sin 1.8𝜋 + 9𝜋 cos 1.8𝜋 mA

    13
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.3 Charge and Current
    Example 1.3
    Determine the total charge entering a terminal between t = 1 s and t = 2 s if the current
    passing the terminal is i = (3𝑡 2 − t) A.

    14
    Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
    1.4 Voltage
    Voltage (or potential difference) is the energy required to move a unit charge from a reference point (−) to
    another point (+), measured in volts (V).

    The 𝑣𝑎𝑏 can be interpreted in two ways:


    (1) Point a is at a potential higher than point b of 𝑣𝑎𝑏 volts.
    (2) The potential at point a with respect to point b is 𝑣𝑎𝑏 .

    The voltage 𝑣𝑎𝑏 between two points a and


    b in an electric circuit is the energy (or
    work) needed to move a unit charge from
    b to a.

    15

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