PPT-substation Monitoring

PROJECT TITLE
“substation monitoring using arduino

over gsm”
Topics:
• INTRODUCTION
• LITERATURE SURVEY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• BLOCK DIAGRAM
• HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
• SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
• ADVANTAGE
• DISADVANTAGE
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES
INTRODUCTION
• The project named ‘Substation Monitoring System’ proposes an

innovative design to develop a system based on microcontroller.
• It is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature of a
distribution transformer in a substation and to protect the system from the
rise in mentioned parameters.
• Monitoring and controlling of substations is an important task for
supplying healthy power to the consumers in this automated era.
• Also the substations in the rural areas are even more difficult to monitor
manually and hence requires more time to take respective actions.
• The solution to all these problems is automation of the substations.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Sr Year author Estimated research
n
o
1 2012 Gao Qiang “High voltage equipment online monitoring system of smart
substation”.
2 2013 Matthias Birle “Breakdown of polymer dielectrics at high direct and alternating
voltages superimposed by high frequency high voltages”.
3 2009 Sonerud, B.; "Dielectric heating in insulating materials subjected to voltage

Bengtsson, T.; waveforms with high harmonic content”.
Blennow, J.;
Gubanski,
S.M.;
4 2020 B. D. Tabarov, "Device for maintaining voltage and reducing losses in power
supply systems", Young scientists Khabarovsk territory Materials
of the XXII regional competition of young scientists and
postgraduates. Editorial Board: I. N. Pugachev [etal], pp. 154-158,
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• In Previous system is not able to avoid or to detecting the over voltage .
• Hence the life span of transformer is limited.
• The high Transformer temperature may causing huge fault like it can be put
transformer on fire.
• It may cause a loss of human life.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
WORKING
• The objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence

to guard the burning of distribution transformer due to the constraints such as
overload, over temperature and input high voltage.
• If any of these values increase beyond the limit then the entire unit is shut
down by operating an Electromagnetic Relay.
• This relay is activated as soon as the parameters exceed the predefined
threshold values. The relay also works as a circuit breaker to switch off the
main power supply.
• The GSM modem is used to send the real time electrical parameters in the
form of SMS. The system is designed to send a SMS alerts to the authorized
person whenever the parameters (Voltage, Current and Temperature) exceeds
the predefined limits.
• In this Arduino UNO is the heart of project which can be control and monitor
the overall operation of project.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
• Arduino UNO
• DHT
• Power supply
• IC 555
• Transformer
• LM 358
• Bridge rectifier
• Buzzer
• Regulator
• Capacitor
• RELAY
• Potentiometer
• LCD Display
• GSM
POWER SUPPLY
230 V AC Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator

50 Hz
5V
DC
12V step down Filter(470µf)

transformer
Features of Arduino:
• The board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at

5 V with 2 Kb of RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs
and 1 Kb of EEPROM for storing parameters.
• The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about

300,000 lines of C source code per second.
• The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++.

If you know C, programming the Arduino will be familiar.
• If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands

are needed to perform useful functions.
ARDUINO :
• The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single

board computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby and
professional market.
• The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably

priced and development software is free.
IMAGE OF DEVELOPMENT BOARD

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY (LCD) :
• Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2
displays.
• This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2
lines, respectively.
• The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller
chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates
directly with the LCD.
RELAY
• It is a electro magnetic switch

• Used to control the electrical devices
• Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here
• The relay's switch connections are usually labeled COM, NC and NO:
• COM = Common, always connect to this; it is the moving part of the itch.
• NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
• NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on
GSM :
• GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is

a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to
describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile
phones, first deployed in Finland in July 1991.
• GSM is a TDMA based wireless network technology developed GSM phones make use of a
SIM card to identify the user's account. The use of the SIM card allows GSM network users
to quickly move their phone number from one GSM phone to another by simply
moving the SIM card. Currently GSM networks operate on the 850MHz, 900MHz,
1800MHz, and 1900MHz frequency bands.
• Devices that support all four bands are called quad-band, with those that support 3 or 2
bands called tri-band and dual-band, respectively. In the United States, Cingular operates on
the 850 and 1900MHz bands, while T-Mobile operates only on the 1900MHz band.
• The module is managed by a microcontroller and has a TTL serial interface that allows it to
communicate with the device that uses the cell phone (our circuit’s PIC) as well as to receive
commands –standard AT commands, in the case of data phone connection
GSM :
Potentiometer :
• Potentiometer is a small sized electronic component whose resistance can be

adjusted manually. Increasing or decreasing the value of resistance controls the
amount of current flowing in a circuit.
• Potentiometer has two strips made on it resistive and conductive. Resistive strip is
made of carbon and is responsible for potentiometer’s resistance variance feature.
Conductive strip helps the potentiometer to carry the current into the circuit in
accordance with the resistance.
DHT :
• DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This
sensor can be easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as arduino,
raspberry pi etc…
• to measure humidity and temperature instantaneously. DHT11 humidity and
temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as a module.
• The difference between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor and a
power-on LED. DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor
Lm358 comparator :
• Zero crossing detection circuit comprises two main electronics components.

One is an operational amplifier and the second one is passive electronic
components such as resistors, capacitors. It detects a zero voltage reference
point of the AC signal or a sine wave that is a zero crossing point of the AC
signal.
• We operate op-amp as a comparator to compare zero voltage reference
signals with the AC signal
555 oscillator :
• The 555 Oscillator is another type of relaxation oscillator for generating

stabilized square wave output waveforms of either a fixed frequency of
up to 500kHz or of varying duty cycles from 50 to 100%.
ADVANTAGES:
• 1) Wireless Monitoring System.

• 2) Faster Control Action.
• 3) Automatic Control Action.
• 4) Accurate System.
DISADVANTAGES
• Range issue might cause disturbance in system.

CONCLUSION
• The current project describes a monitoring system for distribution

transformers using gsm communication. It is also easy to install and use.
• It may reduce human efforts with the automation of the substation which
increase transformer life, reduce faults and increase stability.
• It increases the efficiency of the system. This leads to accurate and

reliable operations.
• It will provide fast and easy monitoring with more efficient way as
compared to existing manual monitoring of the sub-station.
REFRENCES
• B. N. Sergeenkov, V. M. Kiselev and N. A. Akimova, "Electric machines: Transformers" in

under the editorship of I.P. Kopylov, M.: Higher school, pp. 352, 1989.
• Mc. L.C. Cormick and R.A. Hedding, "Phase angle regulators optimize transmission line
power flow", Westinhouse Engineer, pp. 87-91, July 2017
• "Patent 2667481 RF MIIK H02P 13/00 (2006.01). Device for switching on switching off
and voltage regulation of transformer substation V.S. Klimash B.D. Tabarov", Appl.
14.12.2017; publ. 20.09.2018 bulletin no. 26, no. №2017143967.
• B. D. Tabarov and V. S. Klimash, "Development of a method and device for separate voltage
regulation of a transformer substation in two subbands", Scientific and technical creativity
of graduate stud. and stud: materials of the all-Russian scientific and technical conference of
stud. and postgr. (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, vol. 2, pp. 455-458, 09–20 April 2018.
• B. D. Tabarov, "Device for maintaining voltage and reducing losses in power supply
systems", Young scientists Khabarovsk territory Materials of the XXII regional competition
of young scientists and postgraduates. Editorial Board: I. N. Pugachev [etal], pp. 154-158,
2020.
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PROJECT TITLE

“substation monitoring using arduino

• The project named ‘Substation Monitoring System’ proposes an

3 2009 Sonerud, B.; "Dielectric heating in insulating materials subjected to voltage

• The objective is to monitor the electrical parameters continuously and hence

230 V AC Bridge rectifier 5v Regulator

12V step down Filter(470µf)

• The board features an Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller operating at

• The clock speed is 16 MHz, which translates to about executing about

• The Arduino programming language is a simplified version of C/C++.

• If you do not know C, no need to worry as only a few commands

• The Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single

• The Arduino is open-source, which means hardware is reasonably

IMAGE OF DEVELOPMENT BOARD

• It is a electro magnetic switch

• GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is

• Potentiometer is a small sized electronic component whose resistance can be

• Zero crossing detection circuit comprises two main electronics components.

• The 555 Oscillator is another type of relaxation oscillator for generating

• 1) Wireless Monitoring System.

• Range issue might cause disturbance in system.

• The current project describes a monitoring system for distribution

• It increases the efficiency of the system. This leads to accurate and

• B. N. Sergeenkov, V. M. Kiselev and N. A. Akimova, "Electric machines: Transformers" in

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