Artificial Intelligence Presentation

ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
Presented to: Dr. Muahmamd Kashif
By: Toufeeque Ahmed MS-19F-010

Contents of Presentation
 Introduction
 Definition
 History of AI
 Goal in AI
 Cognitive Process
 Applications of AI
 Sub-Sets of AI
 Advantages and Disadvantages
 Cool Thing AI is Doing
 Future of AI
 Conclusion
 References
Introduction
 Intelligence : “The capacity to learn and solve problems.”

 Artificial Intelligence : Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation
of human intelligence by machines.
1) The ability to solve problems.
2) The ability to act rationally/Sensibly/Wisely/Logically.
3) The ability to act like humans .
 The central principles of Al include :

1) Reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning and communication.
2) Perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.
3) It is the science and engineering of making intelligent

machines, especially intelligent computer programs
Definition
 Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human
brain.
 Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of

computer science which aims to create it.
 "The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of

intelligent behaviour" (Luger and Stubblefield. 1993).
 It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially

intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using
computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine
itself to methods that are biologically observable.
Thought processes:
“The exciting new effort to make computers think .. Machines with minds, in
the full and literal sense” (Haugeland, 1985)
Behavior:
“The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment,
people are better.” (Rich, and Knight, 1991)
More Information http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html

Goal in AI
 To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior

 To understand intelligence in order to model it
Modeling people?
 Sometimes
 But sometimes we want AI systems to be better and smarter
than we are
Thinking humanly Thinking rationally
Acting humanly Acting rationally

Cognitive Pyramid
Cognitive Pyramid
Most Common –Subset of AI
Application in Medicine
A medical clinic can use AI systems

to organize bed schedules, make a
staff rotation and provide
medical information.
 AI has also application in fields of cardiology

(CRG), neurology (MRI), embryology (sonography),
complex operations of internal organs, etc
 It also has an application in Image guided surgery

and image analysis and enhancement.
Application in Music
 Scientists are trying to make

the computer emulate the
activities of the skillful
musician.
 Composition, performance, music

theory, sound processing are some
of the major areas on which
research in music and AI are
focusing on.
Eg : chucks, smartmusic, etc.
Robotics and AI
 A ROBOT is a mechanical or virtual

artificial agent, usually an electro
mechanical machine that is guided by a
computer program or electronic
circuitry.
 Robots can be autonomous or

semi-autonomous.
 A robot may convey a sense of

intelligence or thoughts of its own.
Application in Gaming
 In the earlier days gaming technology

was not broadened.
 Physicist Willy Higinbotham created

the the first video game in 1958.
 It was called “Tennis For Tow” and

was
oscilloscope.
 But, now AI technology has become vast

and standard has also been increased.
 For Eg : Sudoku, Fear, Fallout, etc

Application in Banking
 Organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage

properties.
 In August 2001, robots beat humans in a

simulated financial trading competition.
 Some other applications include loan

investigation, ATM design, safe and fast banking, etc.
Some Other Applications
 Credit granting
 Information management and retrieval
 AI and expert systems embedded in
products
 Plant layout
 Help desk and assistance
 Employee performance evaluation
 Shipping
 Marketing
 Warehouse optimization
 In space workstation maintainance
 Satellite controls
 Network developments
 Nuclear management
 Etc.
Pros and Cons
 Advantages  Disadvantages :
 More powerful and more  Increased costs
useful computers.
 New and improved  Difficulty with

interfaces. software development
- slow and expensive
 Solving new problems.
 Few experienced
 Better handling of programmers
information.
 Slow and time consuming
 Relieves information process of programming
overload.
 Conversion of information
into knowledge.
Cool Thing AI is Doing Now
 Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion Garry
Kasparov in 1997
 Proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for

decades
 No hands across America (driving autonomously 98% of the time from

Pittsburgh to San Diego) (2411 miles)
 During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed an AI logistics planning

and scheduling program that involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo,
and people
 NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the

scheduling of operations for a spacecraft
 DARPA grand challenge 2003-2005, Robocup
 Mars Rovers
DARPA Grand Challenge(2005 & 2007) 212 KM
Stanley
is an autonomous car created by Stanford University's Stanford Racin
g Team in cooperation with the Volkswagen Electronics Research Lab
oratory (ERL). It won the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge, earning the St
anford Racing Team the 2 million dollar prize.
Humanoid Robot and AI
 Sophia is a social humanoid robot developed by Hong Kong
based company Hanson Robotics.
 Sophia was activated on April 19,2015.
 She made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival in

mid-March 2016 in United States.
 In October 2017 Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first

robot to receive citizenship in any country.
The Explosive Growth of AI
Since Al is applicable in almost all fields, they become the

needs of our life. It is the reason behind the explosive growth
of AI.
The growth can be divided into two parts based on the

application area and what purpose they serve, they are as
follows:
 Growth in positive sense (useful to society)
 Growth in negative sense (harmful to society)

Conclusion
 The ultimate goal of institutions and scientists working on Al is to
solve majority of the problems or to achieve the tasks which we
humans directly can't accomplish.
 Another reason of working on AI is to bring efficiency and accuracy

in tasks to avoid common human errors.
 Development in this field of computer science has changed the

complete scenario of the world and would dramatically change
the world in future.
 One of the aspect of this is it will generate many new

technologies besides will creating new challenges for
employees.
 The technology would cause loss of million of jobs.

References
 https://www.javatpoint.com/subsets-of-ai
 https://mars.nasa.gov/mer/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DARPA_Grand_Challenge
 http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.html
 http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-
r ob o ti c s - g r o up /
 http://www.us.aibo.com/
 http://world.altavista.com/
 h t tp: // w w w.m r m i n d . c o m / m r m i n d 3
 http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.html
 Andrea Danyluk, For FPS, 2/2/04
 Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Rina Dechter,CS
171
Thank You !!
Future of AI
 Looking at the features and its wide application we may definitely stick
to artificial intelligence. Seeing at the development of Al is it that the
future world is becoming artificial.
 Biological intelligence is fixed, because it is an old, mature paradigm but

the new paradigm of non-biological computation and intelligence is
growing exponentially.
 The memory capacity of the human brain is probably of the order often
thousand million binary digits. But most of this is probably used in
remembering visual impressions, and other comparatively wasteful ways.
 Hence we can say that as natural intelligence is limited and volatile too
world may now depend upon computers for smooth working.
The Birthplace of
“Artificial Intelligence”, 1956
 Darmouth workshop, 1956: historical meeting of the precieved founders of AI met: John
McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Alan Newell, and Herbert Simon.
 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. J.

McCarthy, M. L. Minsky, N. Rochester, and C.E. Shannon. August 31, 1955. "We propose that
a 2 month, 10 man study of artificial intelligence be carried out during the summer of 1956 at
Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The study is to proceed on the basis of the
conjecture that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be
so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it." And this marks the debut of
the term "artificial intelligence.“
 50 anniversary of Dartmouth workshop
271- Fall 2006

Cool things AI is doing now
 Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in
1997
 Proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for decades
 No hands across America (driving autonomously 98% of the time from

Pittsburgh to San Diego) (2411 miles)
 During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed an AI logistics planning and
scheduling program that involved up to 50,000 vehicles, cargo, and people
 NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the scheduling

of operations for a spacecraft
 Proverb solves crossword puzzles better than most humans
 DARPA grand challenge 2003-2005, Robocup
 Mars Rovers
Robotics
Mars rover
http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/home/index.
html
Humanoid robots
http://www.ai.mit.edu/projects/humanoid-ro
botics-group/
Entertainment robots
http://www.us.aibo.com/
Vacuum cleaner robots: “Roomba”
Machine Learning
 Looking for patterns in vast amounts of data
that is just too big for humans to analyze
 [c4.5 demos]
Lanuage Systems
Automatic translation
http://world.altavista.com/
You type, it types back
http://www.mrmind.com/mrmind3
Speech Systems
Movie ticket reservations by phone
1-800-Fandango
You talk, it types
IBM’s ViaVoice
Vision Systems
Face recognition and enhancement
http://www.ri.cmu.edu/labs/lab_51.html
Automated driving - No Hands across America
Visual tracking systems
http://www1.cs.columbia.edu/CAVE/research/demos
/.index.html
More Information
http://www.aaai.org/Pathfinder/html/show.h
tml

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ARTIFICIAL

Presented to: Dr. Muahmamd Kashif

By: Toufeeque Ahmed MS-19F-010

 Intelligence : “The capacity to learn and solve problems.”

 The central principles of Al include :

2) Perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.

3) It is the science and engineering of making intelligent

 Artificial Intelligence is the intelligence of machines and the branch of

 "The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of

 It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially

More Information http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/whatisai/node1.html

 To build systems that exhibit intelligent behavior

Thinking humanly Thinking rationally

Acting humanly Acting rationally

A medical clinic can use AI systems

 AI has also application in fields of cardiology

 It also has an application in Image guided surgery

 Scientists are trying to make

 Composition, performance, music

 A ROBOT is a mechanical or virtual

 Robots can be autonomous or

 A robot may convey a sense of

 In the earlier days gaming technology

 Physicist Willy Higinbotham created

 It was called “Tennis For Tow” and

 But, now AI technology has become vast

 For Eg : Sudoku, Fear, Fallout, etc

 Organize operations, invest in stocks, and manage

 In August 2001, robots beat humans in a

 Some other applications include loan

 New and improved  Difficulty with

 Proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for

 No hands across America (driving autonomously 98% of the time from

 During the 1991 Gulf War, US forces deployed an AI logistics planning

 NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the

 DARPA grand challenge 2003-2005, Robocup

 Sophia was activated on April 19,2015.

 She made her first public appearance at South by Southwest Festival in

 In October 2017 Sophia became a Saudi Arabian citizen, the first

Since Al is applicable in almost all fields, they become the

The growth can be divided into two parts based on the

 Growth in positive sense (useful to society)

 Growth in negative sense (harmful to society)

 Another reason of working on AI is to bring efficiency and accuracy

 Development in this field of computer science has changed the

 One of the aspect of this is it will generate many new

 The technology would cause loss of million of jobs.

 Biological intelligence is fixed, because it is an old, mature paradigm but

 A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence. J.

 50 anniversary of Dartmouth workshop

271- Fall 2006

 Proved a mathematical conjecture (Robbins conjecture) unsolved for decades

 No hands across America (driving autonomously 98% of the time from

 NASA's on-board autonomous planning program controlled the scheduling

 Proverb solves crossword puzzles better than most humans

 DARPA grand challenge 2003-2005, Robocup