ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN-VI

TOPIC : INFORMATION OF SERVICES

•POOJA.S.J
•VI SEM B.ARCH “A”
•3PD18AT036
•P D A C E K
 HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air
conditioning;
• also heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the
technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.
• Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable
indoor air quality.

HEATING
• Heaters are appliances whose purpose is to generate heat
(i.e. warmth) for the building.
• This can be done via central heating. Such a system
contains a boiler, furnace, or heat pump to heat water, steam,
or air in a central location such as a furnace room in a home,
or a mechanical room in a large building.
• The heat can be transferred by convection ,conduction, or
radiation.

GENERATION Heaters exist for various types of fuel, including solid fuels, liquids, and gases. Another type of heat
source is electricity, typically heating ribbons made of high resistance wire of nichrome. Heat pumps can extract heat
from various sources, such as environmental air, exhaust air from a building, or from the ground. Initially, heat
pump HVAC systems were used in moderate climates, but with improvements in low temperature operation and
reduced loads due to more efficient homes, they are increasing in popularity in other climates.
DISTRIBUTION
1. AIR
• Warm air systems distribute heated air through duct work systems of supply and return air through metal or
fiberglass ducts.
• Many systems use the same ducts to distribute air cooled by an evaporator coil for air conditioning.

VENTILATION 
• Ventilation includes both the exchange of air with the outside as well
as circulation of air within the building.
• Methods for ventilating a building maybe divided into 1.
mechanical /forced 2. natural types.

NATURAL VENTILATION  Natural ventilation is the

ventilation of a building with outside air without using fans or other
mechanical systems. It can be via operable windows, louvers, or
trickle vents when spaces are small and the architecture permits. 
In more complex schemes, warm air is allowed to rise and flow out
high building openings to the outside (stack effect), causing cool
outside air to be drawn into low building openings. Air
conditioning systems are used, either as backups or supplements.
Active fire protection:
• Active fire protection is the process of protecting a building from fire with the component of fire detection and
prevention which reacts to action or motion.
•It is one of most important elements to consider when building modern structure .
•The role of active fire protection is to detect,alert about, and seek to eliminate any potential fire hazards, in order to
provide a safer and more protected environment for people to making use of them.

Manual Initiating Devices:

• Manual initiating devices should be located near the exits of
the building. It should be easily accessible, operated and
identified
•The red panel on the wall houses a small button. When the small
button depressed, it will contact the Fire Brigade and Fire Brigade will
respond instantly to the building.The glass of the red panel is easy to
break and sometimes smashing the glass will activate the button
automatically.

Smoke Detector
• Smoke detector is an indicator of fire
which detects smoke. It is typically housed
in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure.
•Smoke detectors in large commercial are
powered by a central fire alarm system,
which is building power with battery
backup.
SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
•The commercial buildings need to have protection in case
of fire or smoke.
•Sprinkler system installation is good preventative measure
to take and water represents the ideal extinguishing agent.
•Sprinkler systems are most effective during fire’s initial
flame growth stage while the fire is easy to control.
•The sprinkler head has a liquid filled glass bulb breaks due
to the fire and as a result the sprinkler will release water to
spray over the fire.

FIRE HOSE REEL SYSTEMS

•Fire Hose Reel with between 18 and 36 meter hose which
has `13mm ,19mm, 25mm internal dia are fitted on the wall.
•It is supplied with a fast fit mounting bracket, an inlet pipe
with thread and stop valve.

FIRE DOOR
• A fire door is an important part of a building’s passive fire protection system.
•The doors provide life safety by providing people to escape quickly when necessary and it also
stop the spread of fire, smoke and toxic gases.
•This fire door requires a proper installation and maintenance is a critical part of the building fire
protection system. Still, the requirements remain a mystery for many architects and specifiers.
Water supply
•For plumbing purposes, the term “multi-storey” is applied to buildings that are too tall to be supplied throughout by
the normal pressure in the public water mains.
•These buildings have particular needs in the design of their sanitary drainage and venting systems.
• Water main supply pressures of 8–12 metres (25– 40 feet) can supply a typical two-storey building, but higher
buildings may need pressure booster systems.
•Where a building of three or more storeys is proposed a certificate should be obtained from the drinking-water supply
authority guaranteeing that the present and future public drinking-water supply pressure will be adequate to serve the
building.
•Multi-storey buildings can usually be divided into zones of water pressure control.
•The lower two to three storeys can generally be supplied directly from the pressure in the public water main.
•Upper storeys, usually in groups of five to eight storeys , can be supplied from pressure-boosted main risers through a
pressure reduction valve for each group.

Water should be supplied to:

•sanitary flushing
• supply of drinking-water
• firefighting
• air-conditioning
•Drainage systems
•Hot water and other dual supply systems
•Water storage vessels
 Electrical service
A mall uses anywhere between 4MW to 10MW of energy, depending on its size — enough to light up a small south
Delhi colony comprising nearly 2,000 houses every day, says Delhi Transco .

Requirements:

•Lighting requirements are generally in the range of 3 W/sq. ft.

•A/C requirements are generally in the range of� about 3 W/sq. ft.
•Heating requirements are generally in the range of about 10 W/ sq. ft.
•Since heating and A/C are probably needed more or less equally throughout
the year, a good working average for both together would be about�� 6
W/sq. ft.

The elevator controller uses about 83 watts all the time, even when

the elevator is idle. That's about $130 per year without even moving!
Going up uses almost 40 times as much power as going down. Going
up 5 floors uses about 500 kilowatt seconds and costs about $0.03.

A continuously running escalator of the kind you’d find in airports or

subway stations—35 feet high with a 40 horsepower motor—would
use around 60,000 kWh annually. (For comparison’s sake, the average
American home consumes 11,040 kWh in a year.)
 SECURITY
•A shopping mall is one of the most crowded hubs where people in
large numbers visit on a daily basis for various reasons.
•Shopping malls have various stores, food court, large parking areas,
restrooms, movie theaters, etc.
•that could be exposed to several criminal activities like theft and
vandalism without proper security systems and guards.
• It is important to ensure the safety of the valuables in the mall
stores as well as the workers and daily visitors.
•There are many different types of security systems that can provide
security to the regular flow of inventory, money, and people.

Video Surveillance
It is important to monitor and record the activities happening in all
the parts of the shopping mall to avoid any criminal activity, mishap,
or medical emergency.
Different close circuited (CCTV), bullet, and dome shaped cameras
are available in the market with a wide variety to choose from.
These cameras cover various angles and are connected to a monitor
room.
This monitor room contains screens where the monitoring staff can
keep an eye on the overall happenings.
This can help monitor potential criminal activities and identify the
criminals.
Security Guards
•The security guards at different places of the shopping mall not only provide security
but also keep an eye on any kind of suspicious activities.
• There are essentially two types of security guards – static, who are the traditional
security guards, and the mobile patrolling security guards, who keep patrolling in the
different shady parts of the mall.
• The static ones stay within a limited area of the mall and focus on maintaining order in
their area.
•They provide help to the visitors and restrict unwanted entry if necessary.
• The mobile patrolling security guards, on the other hand, move around the shopping
mall premise in vehicles that are equipped with GPS tracking and rush to the mall in case
of emergencies.
• These security guards are trained and well-equipped.

Mall Event Security

• Several promotional events happen in the shopping mall premises like in the main
center area, parking area, or other spacious parts of the mall.
• Like any other outdoor or indoor event, special security is essential even during
such mall events and activities.
• The event security guards take care of the overall crowd and venue premise safety
. 
• These types of security systems and services deter crime and prevent criminal
activities.
• They also keep a check on employee and visitor activities and increase customer
security in shopping malls.
• If you are a management personnel of a mall, secure your shopping mall using a
range of Edmonton security systems and services offered by GPS.
 WASTE MANAGEMENT
•Shopping centre waste management plans improve more than just malls.
•They also benefit the entire environment. Malls and retailers alike have several waste disposal opportunities at their
fingertips.
•The ones who take advantage of these opportunities reduce the amount of waste that they produce.
•At the same time, they save capital and offer customers like you a cleaner, better shopping experience.

Recycling Initiatives
•Another waste management shopping centre trend involves recycling.
Several malls are implementing recycling initiatives.
•Recycling programs play a major role in any mall’s waste management
system.
•However, they also greatly impact the entire state’s waste management
system.
•Large malls make up a lot of their areas’ waste. When malls recycle,
they prevent ongoing pollution from land filling.
•These companies offer curbside pickup services and special recycling
programs for malls in particular. This is yet another waste management
shopping malls trend to track. 
 Hazardous Waste Programs
•The best shopping centre waste management plan also include hazardous waste
programs.
•These programs are also trending in malls because of their positive impacts.
•As the name suggests, hazardous waste programs remove hazardous trash from malls.
•Shopping centre hazardous waste management solutions dispose of materials that pose
risks to people and the environment.
•These materials cannot be collected in typical garbage and recycling programs.
•They include batteries, cleaning products and electronics. Many malls particularly focus
on electronic waste management because they dispose of so many electronic items.
•These establishments improve the environment and keep their customers safe from
dangerous waste.
• This waste management shopping malls initiative is trending for good reason. 

Dumpster Rentals
• dumpster rentals are trending in the mall industry. Since shopping centers typically
produce more waste than normal retail stores, they often require larger garbage
containers.
• They can still offer their customers regular garbage and recycling bins.
• However, they can increase their efficiency by renting a temporary dumpster to put
all of their garbage into.
• These dumpsters work well for malls during opening days and special events when
garbage production rises.
• Commercial waste management services offer malls a variety of container options
so that they can find the perfect fit.
• The best malls follow this waste management shopping malls trend.
 VERTICAL
TRANSPORTATION
•When creating a vertical transportation (VT) strategy,
WSP’s experts consider a variety of factors including
client requirements, occupancy levels for different
types of development, elevator cabin capacity, waiting
times and ways to maximize lettable space in the
building, without compromising the elevator
efficiency, cost-effectiveness and energy consumption.
We are also experts in escalator design and
applications.

MODES OF VERTIVAL TRANSPORTATION

•There are two types of lift systems. Cable elevators – They are more common because they are fast, smooth and
quite. Hydraulic elevators – are elevators which are powered by a piston that travels inside a cylinder.
• An electric motor pumps hydraulic oil into the cylinder to move the piston.

•Elevators
An elevator is a transportation device used to transport people and goods vertically.
•Elevators are generally automatic safety units for up and down transport purpose.
• It consists of a platform travelling in vertical guides in a shaft with hoisting and lowering
mechanism and a source of power.
• The enclosure moving up and down in the guides is known as car.
There are two types of lift systems.
Hydraulic elevators – are elevators which are powered by a piston that
travels inside a cylinder.
• An electric motor pumps hydraulic oil into the cylinder to move the piston.
• The piston smoothly lifts the elevator cab/car.
•They are used when the number of floors to be serviced is less.
The elevators require regular inspection and maintenance and generally have a life
of 20 years.

Escalators

Escalators are the moving step type lifts operating at constant speed between two
levels in an inclined course for moving large number of people in a short time.
• It consists of a staircase whose steps move up and down on tracks which keep
them horizontal.
• Most escalators also have a moving handrail which approximately keeps pace
with the movement of the steps.
• The direction of movement (up and down) can be permanently the same or can be
controlled by operators according to the requirement.
Generally two units are required side-by-side at each level, one moving upward and
the other downward.
THANK
YOU