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    Hydraulic Machinery

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    Delina Tedros
    Hydraulic machinery refers to devices that convert the energy in fluids into mechanical energy or vice versa. This includes turbines that convert the kinetic energy of fluids like water into rotational motion, and pumps that use mechanical energy to move fluids. The document discusses hydraulic machinery components like hydroelectric power plants, turbines, generators, and pumping stations. It provides classifications of hydropower plants and pumping stations based on their design and applications. Turbines are also classified based on whether they utilize the velocity or pressure of fluids to drive the turbine runner.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hydraulic Machinery

    Uploaded by

    Delina Tedros
    32 views20 pages
    Hydraulic machinery refers to devices that convert the energy in fluids into mechanical energy or vice versa. This includes turbines that convert the kinetic energy of fluids like water into rotational motion, and pumps that use mechanical energy to move fluids. The document discusses hydraulic machinery components like hydroelectric power plants, turbines, generators, and pumping stations. It provides classifications of hydropower plants and pumping stations based on their design and applications. Turbines are also classified based on whether they utilize the velocity or pressure of fluids to drive the turbine runner.

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    HYDRAULIC MACHINERY

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    Hydraulic machinery refers to devices that convert the energy in fluids into mechanical energy or vice versa. This includes turbines that convert the kinetic energy of fluids like water into rotational motion, and pumps that use mechanical energy to move fluids. The document discusses hydraulic machinery components like hydroelectric power plants, turbines, generators, and pumping stations. It provides classifications of hydropower plants and pumping stations based on their design and applications. Turbines are also classified based on whether they utilize the velocity or pressure of fluids to drive the turbine runner.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    32 views20 pages

    Hydraulic Machinery

    Uploaded by

    Delina Tedros
    Hydraulic machinery refers to devices that convert the energy in fluids into mechanical energy or vice versa. This includes turbines that convert the kinetic energy of fluids like water into rotational motion, and pumps that use mechanical energy to move fluids. The document discusses hydraulic machinery components like hydroelectric power plants, turbines, generators, and pumping stations. It provides classifications of hydropower plants and pumping stations based on their design and applications. Turbines are also classified based on whether they utilize the velocity or pressure of fluids to drive the turbine runner.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 20

    Hydraulic Machinery

    • Hydraulic machinery refers to a


    device either for converting the
    energy held by a fluid into
    mechanical energy (turbines) or vice
    versa (pumps).
    1. HYDROPOWER AND PUMPING STATION
    Energy of water in motion cont’d
    Total water power from the gross energy head if
    expressed in Watt
    P = ρgHQ (Watt)
    Where
    P= total water power by gross energy head (Watt)
    H= gross energy head (m)
    Q= discharge (m3/s)
    ρ =density of water (1000 kg/m3)
    2. Efficiency
    Efficiency of a hydraulic machinery device
    is measured as the ratio of energy output
    to input. The overall efficiency of a hydro
    power plant/pumping station is a product
    of the efficiencies of its several elements.
    Efficiency cont’d
    3.Hydroelectric Power
    Water is dammed and then diverted
    through a mechanical device to
    convert water’s kinetic energy into
    rotational energy which can then be
    converted into electrical energy in a
    generator.
    Advantages of Hydro Power
    Limitations of Hydro Power
    System Components
    a). Hydraulic Works
    b). Power House
    c). Turbines
    d). Generators
    e). Power Lines
    Classification of Hydropower
    Plant
    Classification
    of
    Hydropower Plant
    Classification of Hydropower Plant
    a) Storage Plant has
    a reservoir of
    sufficient size to
    develop a firm flow
    substantially more
    than the minimum
    natural flow
    Classification cont’d
    b) Run-of-River Plant
    can use water only as
    it comes. It is cheaper
    than the storage plant
    of equal capacity, but
    suffers seasonal
    variation of output.
    Classification cont’d
    c) Pumped Storage
    Plant generates energy
    at peak load and at off
    peak, water is pumped
    from the lower pool to
    upper pool.
    4. Pumping Station
    Pumps play important role in various civil
    engineering projects. In water supply,
    pumps are necessary if gravitational flow
    could be not achieved. They are also used
    in urban sewers, drainage of low land,
    abstraction of water from borehole, etc.
    Pump cont’d
    Classification of Pumping Stations
    a) Abstraction from surface sources: water is fed from an
    open-surface source such as canal, river, or a reservoir,
    often through a sump and intake. The water level may
    change over a large range and sediment trapping
    structure may be necessary.
    b) b) Water supply from treatment plants: treated water
    from treatment plants is usually supplied to a
    distribution network or a storage tower-reservoir
    through a pumping station. The water is clear and free
    from sediments, hence no screen and sediment settling
    structure is needed
    Classification cont’d
    c) Storm water pumping: storm water is full of
    suspended sediments and a coarse screen should be
    installed before the pump’s intake. The pumping station
    is used intermittently.
    d) Sewage (untreated) pumping: a sewage pump should
    be able to pass all solid matter through its system.
    Stagnant areas or corners must be avoided.
    e) Abstraction from borehole: the pumps used are
    normally less bulky (around 100-400 mm diameter),
    which could be fitted into well diameters of 150-600mm.
    2. TURBINES

    A turbine is a device that converts the


    energy in water into rotating
    mechanical energy.
    Classification of Turbines
    a) Impulse Turbines: use water velocity to move
    the runner, rather than pressure (e.g., Pelton
    Wheel).
    b) Reaction Turbines: mainly use pressure
    rather than velocity (e.g., Francis turbine and
    propeller turbine).

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