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    Max - Mand Premolars

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Shah
    The document summarizes the key characteristics of several premolars: - Maxillary first premolars have two roots, two cusps, and a mesial developmental depression. They are the widest premolars. - Maxillary second premolars are smaller with a single root. They have a more rounded crown shape compared to the first premolar. - Mandibular first premolars have a large buccal cusp and deep mesial root groove. The lingual cusp is much smaller. - Mandibular second premolars resemble the first but have broader crowns with shorter, less pointed buccal cusps.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Max - Mand Premolars

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Shah
    39 views48 pages
    The document summarizes the key characteristics of several premolars: - Maxillary first premolars have two roots, two cusps, and a mesial developmental depression. They are the widest premolars. - Maxillary second premolars are smaller with a single root. They have a more rounded crown shape compared to the first premolar. - Mandibular first premolars have a large buccal cusp and deep mesial root groove. The lingual cusp is much smaller. - Mandibular second premolars resemble the first but have broader crowns with shorter, less pointed buccal cusps.

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    Max _ mand Premolars

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    The document summarizes the key characteristics of several premolars: - Maxillary first premolars have two roots, two cusps, and a mesial developmental depression. They are the widest premolars. - Maxillary second premolars are smaller with a single root. They have a more rounded crown shape compared to the first premolar. - Mandibular first premolars have a large buccal cusp and deep mesial root groove. The lingual cusp is much smaller. - Mandibular second premolars resemble the first but have broader crowns with shorter, less pointed buccal cusps.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    39 views48 pages

    Max - Mand Premolars

    Uploaded by

    Hiba Shah
    The document summarizes the key characteristics of several premolars: - Maxillary first premolars have two roots, two cusps, and a mesial developmental depression. They are the widest premolars. - Maxillary second premolars are smaller with a single root. They have a more rounded crown shape compared to the first premolar. - Mandibular first premolars have a large buccal cusp and deep mesial root groove. The lingual cusp is much smaller. - Mandibular second premolars resemble the first but have broader crowns with shorter, less pointed buccal cusps.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 48

    Premolars

    General Characteristics &


    Functions:
    • 2 premolars per quadrant
    • At least 2 cusps, buccal cusp always larger
    • Distal to the canines
    • Succedaneous
    • Shorter crown than anterior teeth
    General Characteristics &
    Functions:
    • ‘Transitional tooth’ during chewing, or
    mastication
    • It has properties of both the anterior canines
    and posterior molars
    • Assist molars in grinding, and canines in
    tearing
    • Food can be transferred from the canines --
    premolars -- molars for grinding
    • Support facial muscles (aesthetics and
    speech)
    Permanent Maxillary
    First Premolars
    Permanent Maxillary First Premolars
    General morphology
    • From buccal aspect, crown resembles maxillary canine
    • except that mesial slope is longer than distal slope
    • Distinct depression on mesial surface, extending from cervical
    half of crown to root bifurcation
    • mesial developmental depression / fossa canina / canine
    fossa
    • *assumed to be caused by pressure from earlier completed
    crown of maxillary first canine
    • The only premolar with two roots
    • *maxillary second premolars may also have double roots
    • Buccal cusp larger than palatal cusp
    • From occlusal aspect, buccal side wider than palatal side
    • Two cusps separated by deep central groove
    Principal identifying features

    • Two roots, buccal and palatal (tend to curve distally)


    • Two pulp horns and two pulp canals
    • Two sharply defined cusps (buccal larger than palatal)
    • Mesial developmental depression
    • Mesial slope of buccal cusp longer than distal slope
    • Palatal cusp tilts slightly mesially
    • Occlusal outline more angular than maxillary second premolar
    Buccal view features

    • Widest mesiodistally (of all premolars)


    • Mesial and distal contact – cervical to junction
    of occlusal and middle third
    • Mesial outline more rounded
    • Mesial slope of buccal cusp is longer than
    distal slope (helps to distinguish right from
    left)
    Lingual view features
    • Lingual surface is rounded in all
    directions and smaller than
    buccal surface
    • Lingual cusp offset towards
    mesial
    • Mesial cusp slope of lingual cusp
    is shorter than distal cusp slope
    Proximal view features
    • Mesial developmental depression
    extending to the root
    • CEJ curvature deeper and more occlusal
    on the mesial surface compared to distal
    surface
    • Distal surface is similar to mesial (except
    it does not have a depression)
    • More of occlusal surface shows because
    distal marginal ridge is more cervical
    than mesial marginal ridge
    Occlusal view features
    • Outline resembles a hexagon
    • Wider buccolingually than mesiodistally
    • Buccal ridge is prominent on buccal margin
    • Lingual margin of occlusal outline is almost
    a semicircle
    • Lingual part narrower mesiodistally than
    buccal part
    Occlusal table components
    • Four buccal cusp ridges descend from the
    buccal cusp tip (buccal, lingual, mesial
    and distal)
    • Four buccal-inclined cuspal planes
    (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual,
    distobuccal and distolingual)
    • Four lingual cusp ridges
    • Four lingual-inclined cuspal planes
    Occlusal table components
    • Transverse ridge (buccal + lingual triangular ridge)
    • Long central groove extending mesiodistally (dividing
    tooth buccolingually)
    • Marginal grooves (mesial and distal )
    • Triangular grooves (mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual
    and distolingual)
    • Two triangular fossa (mesial and distal)
    Permanent Maxillary
    Second Premolars
    Permanent Maxillary Second Premolars
    Maxillary 2nd Premolar
    • 5th Tooth from midline of maxilla.
    • Maxillary 1st& 2nd premolar resemble
    each other closely.
    • Therefore comparisons are made in
    relation to maxillary 1st Premolar to be
    able to distinguish the features between
    the two.
    Permanent Maxillary Second Premolars
    • Less angular, more rounded crown
    • Single root flattened mesiodistally
    • Smaller crown cervico-oclusally and
    mesiodistally, (it also may be larger in
    those dimensions
    • Root length slightly greater than maxillary
    1st premolar
    • No canine fossa
    Buccal aspect
    Buccal Aspect
    • Shorter cusp, lest pointed
    • Mesial slope of buccal cusp ridge is usually
    shorter than the distal slope (opposite for 1st
    premolar)
    • Crown and root are thicker at the cervical
    portion (not a rule)
    Lingual aspect
    Lingual
    Aspect
    • Lingual cusp is longer
    • Therefore crown is longer on lingual
    side
    Mesial aspect
    Mesial
    Aspect
    • Shorter Cusp , with the buccal and lingual cusp
    more nearly the same length
    • Greater distance between the cusp tips widens
    the occlusal surface buccolingually
    • Shallow developmental groove on the single
    tapered root (not found on the Maxillary 1st
    premolar)
    • No developmental groove crossing the mesial
    marginal ridge is evident.
    Distal aspect
    Distal
    • Distal rootAspect
    depression is deeper than the mesial
    depression ( opposite in maxillary 1st premolar;
    depression on the mesial surface of the root)
    Occlusal aspect
    Occlusal
    • OutlineAspect
    of crown is more rounded/oval rather than
    angular
    • Central developmental groove is shorter and more
    irregular; tendency toward multiple
    supplementary grooves radiating from the central
    groove
    • Supplementary grooves terminate in shallow
    depressions in the enamel that may extend to the
    cusp ridges.
    • Irregular and wrinkled occlusal surface
    Permanent Mandibular
    First Premolar
    Permanent Mandibular
    First Premolar
    Tooth
    Identification

    Universal Numbering
    System

    Palmer Notation Method


    Tooth
    Identification

    International/FDI system
    Buccal Aspect
    • A large pointed buccal cusp is
    seen
    • Mesiobuccal cusp ridge is shorter
    than the distobuccal cusp ridge
    (similar to that of a canine)
    • Concavity is seen occasionally at
    the mesial and distal slope of
    the buccal cusp
    Lingual Aspect
    • Crown tapers lingually
    • Lingual cusp is non functional
    as it is small and pointed
    • Some lingual cusp is even shorter
    than the cingulum of the
    maxillary canine
    • Mesiolingual developmental
    groove is seen between the
    mesiobuccal and lingual lobe
    Mesial
    • LingualAspect
    cusp is around two third
    the size of the buccal cusp
    • Extreme lingual slope is seen at
    the mesial marginal ridge
    • Between the mesial marginal ridge
    and the mesiolingual cusp ridge is
    the mesiolingual developmental
    groove
    • Mesial contact area is in the
    middle third
    Distal
    • DistalAspect
    marginal ridge is higher
    compared to the mesial
    marginal ridge and does not
    have extreme lingual slope
    • The cervical line curvature is
    less curved
    Occlusal Aspect
    •Two depressions
    (mesial and distal fossae)
    seen on the occlusal
    surface
    • Mesiolingual depression
    and mesiolingual
    developmental groove
    commonly seen
    • Lingual cusp tip is shifted
    mesially
    Root
    • Single root
    • On the mesial aspect of the root, a
    deep developmental groove is seen
    • On the distal aspect, a shallow
    depression without any
    developmental groove is present
    Permanent Mandibular
    Second Premolar
    Permanent Mandibular Second
    Premolar
    Buccal side

    -Resembles 1st
    premolar
    -Larger crown
    -Shorter and less
    pointed buccal cusps
    -Broader
    Lingual side
    -Lingual cusp is smaller than
    buccal cusp but it is larger than
    mandibular first premolar
    lingual cusp
    -Occlusal surface of buccal
    cusp can be seen
    Mesial Side

    • Dimension at cervical
    3rd > occlusal 2rd
    • Mesio-lingual cusp is
    longer and sharper than
    the mesiobuccal cusp
    Distal
    Side -Crown is narrower
    distally than mesially
    -Cervical line curves
    occlusally
    Variation
    • May have 2 cusps
    • Root may be partially bifurcated (Rare)
    Vie Maxillary 1st Premolar Maxillary 2nd Premolar
    w
    Occlusal Large Smalle
    r r
    Edgy More rounded
    crown crown
    Buccal cusp longer than Two cusps same
    lingual
    Long central length
    Short central groove
    groove More supplement
    Groove interrupts mesial grooves
    Mesial marginal ridge not
    marginal ridge interrupted

    Mesial/d Shorter root Longer


    istal root
    Bifurcation with root Single-rooted
    trunk
    Mesial developmental Convex mesial
    depression
    (canine fossa) surface

    Buccal Mesial slope Distal slope


    longer longer
    Maxillary vs Mandibular
    Traits Maxillary Mandibular
    Buccal ridge More prominent Less prominent
    Buccal and Not very prominent More difference
    lingual cusp
    height difference
    Lingual tilt of crown Crown aligned over Crown tilts lingual
    the root

    relative to the root


    Crown width Wider Less oblong
    bucco buccolinguall
    lingually y
    Crown shape Oval or rectangular Square or round

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