Hope 2 - Sports Injury Management

SPORTS INJURY
MANAGEMENT
Is injury evaluation the
same as diagnosis?
Injury Evaluation vs. Diagnosis
• Injury Evaluation process is to rule out the presence of a severe
injury or a life-threatening condition, how to transport the patient,
and the appropriate first aid while transporting the patient.
• Diagnostic process accounts all the information needed to see a
holistic picture of the cause and severity of the injury.
Injury Evaluation vs. Diagnosis
• Primary Survey
 First part of the evaluation process
 Quick evaluation if there are life-threatening injuries
present
What sports injuries can lead to death?
• Concussion or Traumatic brain injury

• Cardiac Arrest
• Shock
What sports injuries can lead to death?
• Concussion or Traumatic brain injury

 Common to contact and combat sports
 Caused by a strong blow to the head that temporarily impairs
brain function.
 Signs were unconsciousness, amnesia, loss of balance, poor
motor coordination, and slurred speech.
• Classification of Concussion
Category Description Characteristics
No loss of consciousness,
Grade I Mild condition normalizes in
less than 15 minutes
No loss of consciousness,
Grade II Moderate condition normalizes
beyond 15 minutes
Grade III Severe Loss of consciousness

How Could a Life-threatening Condition Be Determined?
• Unconsciousness
• Not breathing
- If breathing but unconscious…

- If not breathing and unconscious…
MANAGEMENT OF
ACUTE INJURIES
If the Injury Is Deemed Non-life-threatening, What’s Next?
• Secondary Survey
 determine the primary injury, severity, muscle function,
and joint stability, as well as the location and mechanism
of injury or the movement or force that caused the injury
If the Injury Is Deemed Non-life-threatening, What’s Next?
The inspection or observation process is a

passive component of secondary survey which
is usually performed visually and manually.
Questions That Can Help When Performing Secondary
Inspection
 How is the athlete positioned?
 Is there an obvious deformity, bleeding, skin discoloration, etc.?
 Are there unusual bumps and bruises?
 Is the bone and joint aligned normally?
 Does the athlete complain of more pain when more pressure is
applied?
Questions That Can Help in Identifying the Location and
Mechanism of Injury
 What body part of the athlete needs support?

 What body part can he/she not move?
 Did the athlete feel or hear any popping or snapping sound?
 Was there a contact before the athlete complained of pain?
 What was the athlete doing before he/she complained of pain?
Questions That Can Help When Performing a Gross Motor Check
• Active component of secondary survey; checks muscle weakness and

joint stability
 Can the athlete move the injured limb on his/her own?
 Can the athlete move his/her limb throughout its entire range of motion?
 Can the athlete sustain the movement when resistance is applied?
 Does the athlete limp when he/she walks?
 Does the athlete have a problem balancing his/her weight?
• The first responder has to make a
decision whether the injury needs
IMMOBILIZATION- a process of
restricting movement of an injured limb to
prevent further aggravation.
• Three types of splint
 Rigid splint- usually made of tough
materials such as wood, plastic, and
plaster of paris.
Soft splint- newspaper, pillows, and air splints
 Anatomical splint- immobilization technique
wherein the object that restricts movement is
another body part of the injured athlete.
Principle of Immobilization
• Immobilize the limb in the position that is least painful or in the position
it was found.
• Take note of any changes in skin color, temperature, and sensation.
• Include the joint above and below the fractured bone in the splint.
• Leave fingers and toes uncovered.
• Apply it firmly without discomfort.
• When using an elastic bandage, apply consistent tension.
Cervical Arm Sling Technique
What are the practical
ways of controlling
inflammation?
INFLAMMATION
First step of the healing

process which increases
blood flow to the injured
area.
PRICE Principle
•Protect
Protect the injured body part as aggravation will
increase the inflammation.
•Rest
Rest is recommended to give the body part enough
time to heal.
•Ice
Ice is commonly used in injuries because it has an
analgesic or pain relieving effect.
•Compression
Another effective method to reduce swelling is to
compress the injured area using an elastic
bandage.
•Elevation
Swelling can be reduced by elevating the
injured limb higher than the level of the
heart.
MANAGEMENT OF
CHRONIC INJURIES
•STAGE I
 are managed by reducing the workload and performing
corrective exercises
•STAGE II
 recommended management is rest and non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory medication
•STAGE III (Severe)
 recommended to cease training immediately
until the inflammation subsides completely;
surgery to hasten recovery
Which One Should Be Addressed First In Wound Care:
Bleeding, or Infection?
•The priority care for wounds is to

control bleeding. The second
aspect of wound care is infection
prevention.
How to Stop Bleeding
•Bleeding is controlled by applying direct

pressure over the wound. It is
recommended that a clean piece of cloth
or dressing is placed over the wound to
minimize infection.
How to Prevent Infection
•Wound cleaning is important to prevent infection. The
process should remove foreign contaminants and dead
tissues. The best way to clean the wound is with
running water because the pressure pushes the dirt
and other materials out of the wound.
How to Prevent Infection
•Do not use alcohol. Instead, use iodine povidone,

which is a good antiseptic that does not stimulate
pain. In addition to wound cleaning, a dressing
may be placed on the wound to prevent
contamination.
Can a person die from losing too much blood?
•The average blood of a person is five liters.

• Losing more than 20%- weak and has high risk of infection
• Losing more than 30%- at risk of developing shock- heart
continuously pump but blood does not flow properly due to a
low blood pressure
Can heat stroke lead to shock?
•Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat illness.
ILLNESS SIGNS SYMPTOMS
CRAMPS EXHAUSTION STROKE
MUSCLE SPASM DIZZINESS FEVER ABOVE 40 C O
FATIGUE WEAKNESS WEAK PULSE
THIRST COOL SKIN DRY, HOT SKIN
PROFUSE SWEATING DARK URINE RAPID BREATHING

Guidelines in Providing Care for Heat Illness
•Seek shelter that is cold and away from the sun.

•Replenish fluids and electrolytes by making the person drink
one cup every 30 minutes.
•Stretch the muscle-tendon unit that is experiencing cramps
to relieve tension.
•Decrease body temperature by loosening clothing, wiping

the body with cold towel or putting an ice pack over the head
or neck.
•Check body temperature and pulse rate regularly.
•Bring to the closest medical facility for intravenous fluid

replacement when temperature is above 40 degree Celsius.
•Do not give anti-fever medication or caffeinated drinks to the
person.

Hope 2 - Sports Injury Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hope 2 - Sports Injury Management

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hope 2 - Sports Injury Management

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SPORTS INJURY

• Concussion or Traumatic brain injury

• Concussion or Traumatic brain injury

Grade III Severe Loss of consciousness

- If breathing but unconscious…

The inspection or observation process is a

 What body part of the athlete needs support?

• Active component of secondary survey; checks muscle weakness and

First step of the healing

•The priority care for wounds is to

•Bleeding is controlled by applying direct

•Do not use alcohol. Instead, use iodine povidone,

•The average blood of a person is five liters.

CRAMPS EXHAUSTION STROKE

MUSCLE SPASM DIZZINESS FEVER ABOVE 40 C O

FATIGUE WEAKNESS WEAK PULSE

THIRST COOL SKIN DRY, HOT SKIN

PROFUSE SWEATING DARK URINE RAPID BREATHING

•Seek shelter that is cold and away from the sun.

•Decrease body temperature by loosening clothing, wiping

•Bring to the closest medical facility for intravenous fluid

You might also like