Fisiologi Hati Dan Kandung Empedu
Fisiologi Hati Dan Kandung Empedu
Fisiologi Hati Dan Kandung Empedu
• HATI
• KANDUNG EMPEDU
ANATOMI-FISIOLOGI
(LOBULUS)
1. SEL HEPATOSIT (RADIER)
2. VENA SENTRALIS
3. KANALIKULI
4. SINUSOID
5. SEL KUPFFER
6. SPACE OF DISSE
Hepatic macrophage
Hepatic macrophage system
system (kupffer
(kupffer
cells, the
cells, the large
large macrophage
macrophage that
that line
line
the hepatic
the hepatic sinuses)
sinuses) can
can cleanse
cleanse blood
blood
(sach as
(sach as many
many bacteria
bacteria from
from the
the
intestines)
intestines)
Kupffer cells
Kupffer cells also
also phagocytize
phagocytize old
old red
red
and white
and white cells
cells and
and bacteria.
bacteria.
B. METABOLIC
B. METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION OF
OF
THE LIVER
THE LIVER
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Maintains normal blood glucose level
(glukostat)
• Convert glucose to glycogen and
glycogen to glucose
• Convert amino acids, lactic acid,
fructose and galactose to glucose
• Convert glucose to triglycerides
Glocose balance
B.
B. METABOLIC
METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION OF
OF
THE
THE LIVER
LIVER
LIPID METABOLISM
• Stores triglycerides
• Convert fatty acids to acetyl co A than to
ketone bodies
• Syntheizes lipoproteins
• synthesizes which is used to make bile
salt
B.
B. METABOLIC
METABOLIC FUNCTION
FUNCTION OF
OF
THE
THE LIVER
LIVER
PROTEIN METABOLISM
• Remove NH2 (deaminates) amino acids which
can than be used to form ATP or convert to
fats or carbohydrate
• Convert toxic NH3 to the less toxic urea than
excreted in urine
• Synthesizes plasma protein (albumin,
globulin, fibrinogen, protrombin, lipoprotein)
Metabolic pathways of the absoeptive state
Metabolic pathways of the post absoeptive state
Cholesterol balance
C. ENDOCRINE FUNCTION
• Secrete IGF I and somatomedin in response
to growth hormone
• Forms T3 from T4
• Secrete angiotensinogen
• Activation of vitamin D
• Secrete erytropoitin (15 %)
D. DETOXIFICATION FUNCTION
STORAGE :
glycogen, fats, vitamins A, B12, D, E, K, copper
and Fe (combined with protein called ferritin)
DIGESTIVE FUNCTIONS
• Secrete bile, righ in HCO3
• synthesizes bile salt from cholesterol
• synthesizes bile pigments from haem of
haemoglobin
• Excretes plasma cholesterol and lecithin
RELATION OF THE LIVER TO BLOOD
COAGULATION