Problem Solving Method

PROBLEM SOLVING
METHOD
PRESENTED BY ,
A.KATHYAYANI,
M.SC NURSING.
PROBLEM SOLVING
INTRODUCTION:
Problem solving is an instructional method or
technique where by the teacher and pupils attempt in
a conscious, planned and purposeful effort to arrive of
some explanation or solution to some educationally
significant difficulty for the purpose of a finding a
solution.
Students are presented with problems which require
them to find either a scientific or technological
solution,
It is a student –centered strategy which requires
students to become active participants in the learning
process,
What is problem solving?
Problem solving is a teaching strategy that employs
the scientific method in searching for information,
Problem solving: arriving at decisions based prior
knowledge and reasoning,
DEFINITION
A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH TO DEFINING THE
PROBLEM AND CREATING A VAST NUMBER OF
POSSIBLE SOIUTIONS WITHOUT JUDGING THESE
SOLUTION.
“problem solving is a cognitive processing directed at
acheieving a goal where no solution method is obvious
to the problem solver.”
ACCORDING SKINNER:
THE PROBLEM SOLVING IS A PROCESS OF
OVERCOMING DIFFCULITIES THAT A APPEARS
TO INTERFERE WITH THE ATTAINMENT OF GOAL
. IT IS A PROCEDURE OF MAKING ADJUSTMENT
INSPITE OF INTERFERENCES.
PURPOSE
TRAIN the students in the act of reasoning ,
Gain and improve the knowledge
Solve puzzling question,
Over come the obstacles in the attainment of
objectives..
Steps of problem solving
Formation and
Collection of relevent
appreciation of data and information.
problem.
testing conclusion.
Organization of
data
Drawing of conclusion
Formation and appreciation of problem.
The nature of the problem should be made very clear
to the students so that they can understand the actual
solution for the problem,
Collection or relevant data and infromation,
The students should be stimulated to collect data in a
systematic manner full co-operation of the students
should be secured ,the teacher may suggest Many
points to them , like extra books for read, oraganise a
few educational trips together the relevant
infromation.
Organization of data:
The students should be asked to shift the relevant
material from the superficial on put in a scientific way,
DRAWING OF CONCLUSION;
AFTER THE ORGANIZING DATA DISCUSSIONS
SHOULD BE ARRANGED COLLECTIVELY AND
INDIVIDUAL WITH EACH STUDENT SO THAT
ESSENTIAL THING IS DONE BY THE STUDENTS
THEMSELVES AND THAT THEIR EDUCATIVE ,
“CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN THAT JUDEGEMENT IS
MADE ONLY WHEN SUFFICIENT DATA IS
COLLECTED”,
TESTING COLLECTION :
NO CONCLUSION SHOULD BE ACCEPTED WITHOUT
BEING PROPERLY VERIFIED,THE CORRECTIONS OF THE
CONCULSION MUST BE PROVED.
PROBLE
M
SOLVIN
G
SKILLS.
CLARIFY WHAT THE

PROBLEM IS ABOUT ,
BRAINSTORM OUT
IDEAS
PLAN OUT WHAT YOU

ARE GOING TO DO.
TRY OUT YOUR PLAN’’

ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF THE PROBLEM’
THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE MEANINGFUL
,INTERSTING ,AND WORTH WHILE FOR
CHILDREN,
IT SHOULD HAVE SOME CORRELATION WITH
LIFE
IT SHOULD HAVE SOME CORRELATION WITH
OTHE SUBJECTS IF POSSIBLE ,
IT SHOULD ARISE OUT OF THE REAK NEEDS OF
THE STUDENTS.
THE PROBLEM SHOULD BE CLEARLY DEFINED ,
THE SOLUTION OF PROBLEM SHOULD BE
FOUND BY TH E STUDENTS THEMSELVES
WORKING UNDER THE GUIDANCE AND
SUPERVISION OF THE TEACHER.
MAJOR APPROACHES IN THE PROBLEM
SOLVING :
INDUCTIVE DEDUCTIVE
 FIRST particular cases are  First general definitions,priciples
dealt with and then definition and rules are stated and
,principles and rules are particular cases are taken are eg:
to prove them,
dervied from them.
 It does not leads to knew
 Its lead to knew knowledge ,
knowledge ,
 The child acquires first hand  It is amethof of verifivation and
infromation and knowledge explnation,
by actual observation,  This method is comparatively
 It is and upward process of quick.
thought,  It is downward process of
thought,,,
Teaching role in problem solving
The students to define the problem clearly,
Got them to make many suggestions by encouraging them.
To analyse the situation In parts ,
To recall perviously known similar cases and general rules
that apply,
To guess courageously and formulate guesses clearly,
Get them to evaluate each suggestion carefully by
encouraging them;
To maintain a state of doubt or suspended conculsion,
To build on outline on the board
“a teacher who has ability to see problem clearly, the
power of analyse with a keen observation and the
faculty to synthesize and draw conclusion with an
accuracy”,
Uses of problem solving in nursing
Develop ability to analyse the problem and to take proper
judgement /solution in the critical condition that
encounter in the clinical setting,
Problem solving method also helps the students to solve
this problem in real life situation without much stress,
It helps the student to solve the similar problem in future
with confidence ,
It develops critical thinking of pupil,
It helps the care giver /nurse to select the problem
solving strategy according to pt’s abilities and life style.
advantages
This approach is most effective in developing skill in
employing the science processes,
The scientific method can like wise be used effectively
in other non science subjects ,it is a general procedure
in finding solutions to daily occurrences that urgently
need to be addresssed ,
Problem- solving develops higher level thinking skills,
A keen sense of responsibility originality and
resourcefulness are developed ,which are much –
needed
DISADVANTAGES
GENERALLY SPEAKING PROBLEM- SOLVING
INVOLVES MENTAL ACTIVITY ONLY,
SMALL CHILDREN DO NOT POSSES SUFFICIENT
BACKGROUND INFORMATION& THEREFORE
THEY FAIL TO PARTICIPATION IN DISCUSSION,
STUDENTS MAY NOT HAVE ADEQUATE
REFERENCE AND SOURCES BOOKS,
IT INVOLVES LOT OF TIMES,
IT IS A TIME COSUMING PROCESS,TEACHER MAY
FINFD IT DIFFCULT TO COMPLETE THE SYLLABUS

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PROBLEM SOLVING

CLARIFY WHAT THE

PLAN OUT WHAT YOU

TRY OUT YOUR PLAN’’

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